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Cantilever Beam Modules

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Beam Natural Vibration Frequency   ±

Calculate the damped and undamped beam natural vibration frequency for general beams (simply supported, fixed, and cantilever beams). For other beam types (eg circular beams) refer to the module links below.

The lateral natural vibration frequency beam end conditions are: pinned ends (simply supported beams), fixed ends, free fixed ends (cantilever beams), pinned fixed ends, and for beams with no load, pinned free ends, and free ends (unsupported beams). Added mass should be included for submerged or wet beams. The added mass coefficient can be calculated in accordance with DNVGL RP F105. The submerged natural frequency is calculated for still water conditions, with no vortex shedding. For beams on a soft foundation such as soil, use the effective length factor to allow for movement at the beam ends. For defined beam ends such as structures, the effective length factor should be set to one. The buckling load can be calculated using either the Euler equation (suitable for long beams), or the Johnson equation (suitable for short beams). The buckling load is dependent on the end type, and is used for mode 1 vibration only. Buckling normally occurs on the axis with lowest stiffness (I1 or I2). The bending stiffness for vibration and buckling can be defined separately for cases where vibration and buckling are not parallel.

`fn = ca.cd k / (2 π) √((EI) / (m . Le^4)) `
`ca =1 / (1 + F / (Fb))) `
`cd = √(1 - fd^2) `

where :

fn = lateral natural frequency [Hz]
ca = axial load coefficient
cd = damping coefficient
fd = damping factor (0 = undamped 1 = critical damping)
k = mode factor
L = effective beam length
EI = beam E I (bending modulus)
m = beam unit mass or mass per length
F = axial load (+ve in tension and -ve in compression)
Fb = buckling load

The longitudinal natural vibration frequency end conditions are: free fixed ends (cantilever), fixed ends, and free ends (unsupported). The fixed ends and free ends modes have the same natural frequencies, but different mode shapes. The longitudinal natural frequency is independent of cross section, and depends on the beam elastic modulus and density.

`fn = cd k / (2 π L) √(E / ρ) `

where :

fn = natural frequency [Hz]
cd = damping coefficient
k = mode factor
L = beam length
E = beam elastic modulus
ρ = beam density

The torsional natural vibration frequency end conditions are: free fixed ends (cantilever), fixed ends, and free ends (unsupported). The fixed ends and free ends modes have the same natural frequencies, but different mode shapes. The torsional natural frequency is independent of cross section, and depends on the beam shear modulus and density.

`fn = cd k / (2 π L) √(G / ρ) `

where :

fn = natural frequency [Hz]
cd = damping coefficient
k = mode factor
L = beam length
G = beam shear modulus
ρ = beam density

The mode factor k is dependent on the mode number, and the beam end type. The k factors have been taken from the Shock and Vibration handbook. The damping factor should be set to zero for undamped vibration or set greater than zero and less than or equal to one for damped vibration.

Use the Result Table and Result Plot options to display tables and plots. Refer to the figures and help pages for more details about the tools. Refer to the links below for other beam options.

References :

Shock And Vibration Handbook, Cyril M Harris, McGraw Hill
Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Beam Lateral Vibration Frequency   ±

Calculate the damped and undamped beam natural vibration frequency for lateral vibration (simply supported, fixed, and cantilever beams).

Added mass should be included for submerged or wet beams. The added mass coefficient can be calculated in accordance with DNVGL RP F105. The submerged natural frequency is calculated for still water conditions, with no vortex shedding. For beams on a soft foundation such as soil, use the effective length factor to allow for movement at the beam ends. For defined beam ends such as structures, the effective length factor should be set to one.

The mode factor k is dependent on the mode number, and the beam end type. The k factors have been taken from the Shock and Vibration handbook. The damping factor should be set to zero for undamped vibration or set greater than zero and less than or equal to one for damped vibration. For multi layer pipes the bending stiffness can be calculated with the concrete stiffness factor (CSF). The CSF accounts for the additional stiffness provided by the external concrete coating. The concrete stiffness factor is calculated in accordance with DNVGL RP F105. Enter the wall thickness for all layers. Only enter the elastic modulus for layers which affect the pipe stiffness.

Use the Result Table and Result Plot options to display tables and plots. Refer to the figures and help pages for more details about the tools.

References :

Shock And Vibration Handbook, Cyril M Harris, McGraw Hill
Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Beam Lateral Vibration Frequency With Axial Load   ±

Calculate the damped and undamped beam natural vibration frequency for lateral vibration with axial load (simply supported, fixed, and cantilever beams).

For beams with axial load the axis with minimum stiffness (I1 or I2) should be used unless the beam is constrained to deflect on an alternative axis (buckling normally occurs on the minimum stiffness axis). Use the general beam calculators for cases where vibration and buckling are not parallel. The buckling load can be calculated using either the Euler equation (suitable for long beams), or the Johnson equation (suitable for short beams). The buckling load is dependent on the end type, and is used for mode 1 vibration only.

Added mass should be included for submerged or wet beams. The added mass coefficient can be calculated in accordance with DNVGL RP F105. The submerged natural frequency is calculated for still water conditions, with no vortex shedding. For beams on a soft foundation such as soil, use the effective length factor to allow for movement at the beam ends. For defined beam ends such as structures, the effective length factor should be set to one. For pipes the axial load is calculated from temperature and pressure. For general beams the axial load is user defined.

The mode factor k is dependent on the mode number, and the beam end type. The k factors have been taken from the Shock and Vibration handbook. The damping factor should be set to zero for undamped vibration or set greater than zero and less than or equal to one for damped vibration. For multi layer pipes the bending stiffness can be calculated with the concrete stiffness factor (CSF). The CSF accounts for the additional stiffness provided by the external concrete coating. The concrete stiffness factor is calculated in accordance with DNVGL RP F105. Enter the wall thickness for all layers. Only enter the elastic modulus for layers which affect the pipe stiffness.

Use the Result Table and Result Plot options to display tables and plots. Refer to the figures and help pages for more details about the tools.

References :

Shock And Vibration Handbook, Cyril M Harris, McGraw Hill
Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Beam Bending   ±

Calculate beam bending shear force, bending moment, slope and deflection for general beams using the Euler Bernoulli beam equation.

The Euler Bernoulli beam equation is suitable for slender beams (it does not include the effect of shear), and for small angles (θ < 0.5 rad). The calculations are not valid past the beam end points. For combined loads, the shear force, bending moment, slope and deflection are assumed to be additive. The beam end conditions are of the form left end - right end (for example Pin-Fix is left end pinned and right end fixed). All distances are measured from the left end of the beam.

Beam end types include: free fixed (cantilever), guided fixed, pinned fixed, fixed fixed (built in or fixed), pinned pinned (simply supported), and guided pinned beam ends.

Combined loads include axial loads, point loads, distributed loads, weight loads, concentrated moments, angular displacements, lateral displacements, and uniform temperature gradient.

For beams with compressive axial loads the bending moment, slope and deflection tend to infinity as the axial load tends to the buckling load. For tension loads, the bending moment, slope and deflection decrease with increasing tension. The buckling load can be calculated using either the Euler equation (suitable for long beams), the Johnson equation (suitable for short beams), or the buckling load equation can be determined from the transition length.

The effective length factor should be used for beams on a soft foundation such as soil, where the beam ends are poorly defined. For defined beam ends, such as structures, the effective length factor should be set to one (fe = 1).

Use the Result Plot option to plot the bending moment, shear force, slope, deflection and stress versus position x. Refer to the figures and help pages for more details. Refer to the links below for other beam options.

Reference : Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Beam Buckling Load   ±

Calculate beam buckling load for general beams (user defined stiffness EI).

Beam end types include: free fixed (cantilever), guided fixed, pinned fixed, fixed fixed (built in or fixed), pinned pinned (simply supported), and guided pinned beam ends. The beam end conditions are of the form left end - right end (for example Pin-Fix is left end pinned and right end fixed).

The buckling load can be calculated using either the Euler equation (suitable for long beams), the Johnson equation (suitable for short beams), or the buckling load equation can be determined from the transition length. The buckling load is positive. The axial load is negative in compression. Buckling will generally occur about the axis with the lowest EI, depending on constraints.

The effective length factor should be used for beams on a soft foundation such as soil, where the beam ends are poorly defined. For defined beam ends, such as structures, the effective length factor should be set to one (fe = 1).

Use the Result Plot option to plot the buckling load versus nominal length. Use the Result Table option to plot the buckling load versus end type. Refer to the figures and help pages for more details. Refer to the links below for other beam options.

Reference : Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill

Change Module :