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ANSI B31 Pipe Modules

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Line Pipe Schedule   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping schedule for metal and plastic piping.

The piping minimum wall thickness and hoop stress wall thickness schedule can be calculated from the nominal wall thickness, fabrication tolerance and corrosion allowance.

`tm = tn - fa `
`tm = (1 - fx) tn `
`t = tm - c `

where :

tn = nominal wall thickness
tm = minimum wall thickness
t = hoop stress wall thickness
c = corrosion thickness allowance
fa = negative fabrication thickness allowance
fx = negative fabrication fraction

The minimum wall thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the fabrication allowance. The pressure containment wall thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the fabrication tolerance, and minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance can be defined by either a fabrication allowance, or a fabrication fraction. The pipe diameter can be defined by either the outside diameter or the inside diameter. Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe dimensions versus wall thickness, wall tolerance, or piping diameter for metal pipes, or pipe dimension versus wall thickness for plastic pipes.

Calculate metal piping maximum and minimum diameter schedule. Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe dimensions versus wall thickness, wall tolerance, or piping diameter.

Calculate piping unit mass and joint mass schedule for metal and plastic piping. Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe dimensions and mass versus wall thickness.

Calculate piping tensile stress, yield stress and allowable schedule for metal piping. Use the Result Table option to display a table of stress versus material type.

Plastic pipe wall thickness can be defined by wall thickness or diameter ratio (DR or IDR). Select standard diameter ratios from the plastic pipe schedule (SDR or SIDR), or use user defined diameter ratios (DR or IDR).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Basic Allowable Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping allowable stress (S), yield stress (SYT) and tensile stress (SUT) from temperature for low pressure piping (ASME B31.3 Table A-1) and high pressure piping (ASME B31.3 Table K-1).

Stress values are interpolated from the US data tables (US units govern). For temperatures below the data range, the stress value is constant (fracture toughness should also be considered for low temperature operation). For temperatures above the data range the stress values can either be constant value from the end point, constant slope from the end point, or zero from the end point. Engineering judgement is required to use extrapolated values above the data range.

Use the Data Plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window (Table A-1 or K-1). Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable stress versus material type. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables. Change units on the setup page. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Note : The choice of high pressure versus low pressure service is at the discretion of the owner (section FK300). The ASME B16.5 Class 2500 pressure temperature rating for the material group is often used as a criteria.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping wall thickness from temperature for low pressure steel pipe (Table A-1), high pressure steel pipe (Table K-1), and plastic piping.

Allowable stress for steel pipe is calculated from Table A-1 and Table K-1 US values (US units govern). Change units on the setup page. Stress values can be extrapolated for temperatures above the data range (care is required when using extrapolated values). The wall thickness calculations are valid for internal overpressure only. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations.

Use the Data Plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window (Table A-1, or Table K-1). Use the Result Table option to display a table of wall thickness and allowable pressure versus material type (for the calculate wall thickness option the allowable pressure equals the design pressure. for the specified wall thickness option the wall thickness equals the specified wall thickness). Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables. Change units on the setup page. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Note : The choice of high pressure versus low pressure service is at the discretion of the owner (section FK300). The ASME B16.5 Class 2500 pressure temperature rating for the material group is often used as a criteria.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping hoop stress for low pressure steel pipe (Table A-1), high pressure steel pipe (Table K-1), and plastic piping.

The hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). For operation the hoop stress should be ≤ the design stress. For pressure tests, the hoop stress should be ≤ 100% of yield stress for hydrotest, or ≤ 90% of yield stress for pneumatic tests. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Note : The choice of high pressure versus low pressure service is at the discretion of the owner (section FK300). The ASME B16.5 Class 2500 pressure temperature rating for the material group is often used as a criteria.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping hydrotest and pneumatic leak test pressure and hoop stress check. The test pressure should be 1.5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, or 1.1 times the design pressure for pneumatic test. An allowance should be made for the pipe design temperature.

Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). Minimum wall thickness is recommended for new piping, or piping in as new condition. The pressure design wall thickness is recommended for corroded piping. The hoop stress should be ≤ 100% of yield for hydrotest, or ≤ 90% of yield for pneumatic tests. The test pressure should be ≤ 1.5 x the pressure rating for pressure rated components.

For piping systems with combined internal and external pressure during operation, the test pressure should be calculated from the internal pressure only. The hoop stress should be calculated from the pressure difference during testing. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Note : The choice of high pressure versus low pressure service is at the discretion of the owner (section FK300). The ASME B16.5 Class 2500 pressure temperature rating for the material group is often used as a criteria.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Plastic Component   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping wall thickness, hoop stress and hydrotest pressure for low pressure plastic piping.

Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Elastic Modulus   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping elastic modulus versus temperature from table C (US Units). The elastic modulus is extrapolated with constant slope for temperatures outside the data range.

Use the Data Plot option to plot the expansion modulus versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table. Change units on the setup page. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up elastic modulus data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Thermal Expansion   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 thermal expansion from temperature (ASME B31.3 Table C-2).

Table C-2 provides thermal expansion strain data (mm/m) from 20 degrees C base temperature. The expansion data is used to calculate

  • thermal expansion strain from 20 degrees C to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion strain from the design base temperature to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion length from the design base temperature to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion coefficient at the design temperature
  • The average thermal expansion coefficient from the design base temperature to the design temperature

Use the Data Plot option to plot thermal expansion versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of expansion coefficient, expansion strain and expansion length versus material type. Strain (ε) has units meter per meter [m/m]. The expansion strain data uses units of milli meter per meter [mm/m] or [mε] milli strain. Change units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up thermal expansion data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Branch Reinforcement   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping required branch reinforcement for welded and extruded branches.

The calculations are valid for right angle welded branches, angled welded branches ≥ 45 degrees, and right anngle extruded branches. Extruded branches must be used for high pressure piping. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Design Factor   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping design factors (Y factor and W factor).

The Y factor is calculated from diameter for thick wall pipe (D/t < 6), or from temperature for thin wall pipe. The weld factor (W) is only relevant for design temperatures in the creep range. For design temperatures below the creep onset temperature W = 1. The weld factor does not apply for seamless pipe (W = 1).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Blank Flange   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Bend   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping minimum thickness for formed bends, and allowable pressure for miter bends.

Minimum thickness of formed bends is calculated for the inside radius, the oputside radius, and the centerline radius. Bend thinning on the outside radius is estimated using the method from ASME B31.1. The estimated minimum bend thickness after thinning should be ≥ the required minimum bend thickness on the outside radius (extrados). Use the goal seek option to calculate the required straight pipe nominal wall thickness (before bending), for the minimum thickness on the outside radius (after bending).

The allowable pressure for miter bends is calculated from the nominal wall thickness. Use the goal seek option to calculate the required miter bend nominal wall thickness for the design pressure. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Minimum Temperature For Impact Testing   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping minimum temperature for impact testing from wall thickness and material type.

For carbon steel materials with a minimum temperature letter designation, the minimum temperature for testing can be calculated according to table 323.2.2A (curves A, B, C and D).

If the maximum stress is less than the design stress, the impact testing temperature can be reduced according to figure 323.2.2B using the stress ratio. The stress ratio is the maximum of hoop stress over design stress, combined stress over design stress, or operating pressure over pressure rating for pressure rated components. The reduction in impact testing temperature from stress ratio is valid for minimum temperatures listed in table A-1, and for minimum temnperatures calculated from a letter designation (curves A, B, C or D). Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up minimum temperature and letter designation data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Allowable Bolt Load And Bolt Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping bolt design load and design stress from temperature (ASME B31.3 Table A-2). Stress values are interpolated from the US data tables (US units govern).

Bolt load is calculated from the design stress and the tensile area for either ANSI threads or ISO threads. For temperatures below the data range, the stress value is constant (fracture toughness should also be considered for low temperature operation). For temperatures above the data range the stress values can either be constant value from the end point, constant slope from the end point, or zero from the end point. Engineering judgement is required to use extrapolated values above the data range.

Use the Data Plot option to plot the design stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table (Table A-2). Use the Result Table option to display a table of design stress and design load versus either material type or bolt diameter. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up bolt allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Design Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping design pressure for low pressure steel pipe (Table A-1), high pressure steel pipe (Table K-1), and plastic piping.

The design pressure is calculated from the pipe diameter, wall thickness, wall thickness tolerance and allowable stress (Table A-1 and Table K-1 US values : US units govern). The hoop stress is equal to the design stress at the design pressure. Change units on the setup page. Stress values can be extrapolated for temperatures above the data range (care is required when using extrapolated values). For combined internal and external pressure, the design pressure equals the pressure difference.

Use the Result Table option to display a table of design pressure versus wall thickness or design pressure versus material type. Use the Data Plot option to plot the design stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window (Table A-1, or Table K-1). Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables (click the resources button on the data bar). Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Note : The choice of high pressure versus low pressure service is at the discretion of the owner (section FK300). The ASME B16.5 Class 2500 pressure temperature rating for the material group is often used as a criteria.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Mass And Weight   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping unit mass (mass per length), unit weight (weight per length), and total mass for metal and plastic pipe. The mass per joint can be calculated from the joint length. Construction quantities can be calculated from the total pipe length. Pipe mass and pipe unit weight (weight per length) can be calculated for multi layer pipelines (dry empty, dry full, wet empty and wet full piping). For multi layer pipelines, the first internal layer is the line pipe. Change the number of layers on the setup page.

The pipe diameter and thickness are calculated from the pipe schedule. Plastic pipe wall thickness can be defined by wall thickness or diameter ratio (DR or IDR). Select standard diameter ratios from the plastic pipe schedule (SDR or SIDR), or use user defined diameter ratios (DR or IDR). Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe mass versus schedule wall thickness for the selected diameter.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Fluid Volume And Mass   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping fluid density, fluid volume and fluid mass for two phase gas liquid piping, and three phase black oil piping (gas water and oil).

The two phase fluid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. The three phase black oil calculator can be used for single phase oil, single phase water, two phase oil and water, and three phase oil, water and gas. Water cut is the volume fraction of water in the liquid phase (ignoring the gas phase). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Fluid Velocity And Flow Rate   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping fluid velocity and flow rate for two phase gas liquid piping, and three phase black oil piping (gas water and oil).

The two phase fluid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. The three phase black oil calculator can be used for single phase oil, single phase water, two phase oil and water, and three phase oil, water and gas. Water cut is the volume fraction of water in the liquid phase (ignoring the gas phase). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Oil And Liquid Pipeline   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.4 oil and liquid pipeline wall thickness from hoop stress for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc) and stress table (API, ASM, DNV etc), and material. Wall thickness is calculated using Barlow's formula. For offshore pipelines either the pipe outside diameter or the mid wall diameter can be used to calculate wall thickness. The wall thickness should be checked for all elevations. Use the Result Plot option to plot required wall thickness versus elevation, or hoop stress versus elevation for user defined wall thickness.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquids And Slurries (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Hoop Stress   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.4 oil and liquid pipeline test pressure and hoop stress check for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc) and stress table (API, ASM, DNV etc), and material. Hoop stress is calculated using Barlow's formula. For offshore pipelines either the pipe outside diameter or the mid wall diameter can be used to calculate hoop stress. The test pressure and hoop stress should be checked for all elevations. Use the Result Plot option to plot the required test pressure versus elevation, or hoop stress verus elevation for user defined test pressure.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquids And Slurries (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Allowable Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.4 oil and liquid pipeline allowable stress for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Select the appropriate stress table (API, ASM, DNV etc), and material. Use the Result Table option to display the results for the selected stress table (click the Result Table button on the plot bar, then click the make table button). For metal pipeline the pressure design thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance is ignored.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquids And Slurries (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Yield Stress   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Ripple Defect   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Local Pressure   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Branch Reinforcement   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Design Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.4 oil and liquid pipeline maximum allowable design pressure from pressure design wall thickness and allowable stress.

For subsea pipelines the allowable pressure is the maximum allowable local pressure difference across the pipe wall. The pressure difference equals the internal pressure minus the external pressure. For onshore pipelines the allowable pressure is the maximum allowable local internal pressure. The local internal and external pressure varies with elevation. Use the Result Table option to display the allowable pressure for the selected pipe diameter schedule.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquids And Slurries (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Mass And Weight   ±

Calculate ASME B31.4 liquid pipeline unit mass (mass per length), unit weight (weight per length), and total mass. The mass per joint can be calculated from the joint length. Construction quantities can be calculated from the total pipe length. Pipe unit mass and pipe unit weight (weight per length) can be calculated for multi layer pipelines (dry empty, dry full, wet empty and wet full pipelines). For multi layer pipelines, the first internal layer is the line pipe. Change the number of layers on the setup page. The line pipe diameter and thickness are calculated from the pipe schedule.

Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe mass versus schedule wall thickness for the selected diameter.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquids And Slurries (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Fluid Volume And Mass   ±

Calculate ASME B31.4 liquid pipeline fluid density, fluid volume and fluid mass for two phase gas liquid pipelines, and three phase black oil pipelines (gas water and oil).

The two phase fluid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. The three phase black oil calculator can be used for single phase oil, single phase water, two phase oil and water, and three phase oil, water and gas. Water cut is the volume fraction of water in the liquid phase (ignoring the gas phase). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquids And Slurries (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Fluid Velocity And Flow Rate   ±

Calculate ASME B31.4 liquid pipeline fluid velocity and flow rate for two phase gas liquid piping, and three phase black oil piping (gas water and oil).

The two phase fluid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. The three phase black oil calculator can be used for single phase oil, single phase water, two phase oil and water, and three phase oil, water and gas. Water cut is the volume fraction of water in the liquid phase (ignoring the gas phase). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquids And Slurries (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Allowable Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline allowable stress from temperature for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Select the appropriate stress table (API, ASM, DNV etc), and material. Use the Result Table option to display the results for the selected stress table (click the Result Table button on the plot bar, then click the make table button). For metal pipeline the pressure design thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance is ignored.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline wall thickness from hoop stress for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc), and stress table (API, ASME or DNV), or use the user defined options. Pipe pressure can either be calculated from elevation, or user defined. For metal pipeline the pressure design thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance is ignored. The wall thickness should be checked for all pipeline elevations. A wall thickness should be specified which is greater than or equal to the maximum calculated wall thickness (usually by selecting the next highest schedule thickness). Use the Result Plot option to plot the calculated wall thickness versus elevation, and the hoop stress versus elevation for the specified wall thickness.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline hoop stress from wall thickness for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Pipe pressure can either be calculated from elevation, or user defined. Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc), and stress table (API, ASME or DNV), or use the user defined options. For metal pipeline the pressure design thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance is ignored.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline test pressure and hoop stress check for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc), and stress table (API, ASME or DNV), or use the user defined options. For metal pipeline the pressure design thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance is ignored. Pipe pressure can either be calculated from elevation, or user defined. The test pressure should be checked for all pipeline elevations. A test point test pressure should be specified which is greater than or equal to the maximum calculated test pressure (usually by rounding up the maximum test pressure). Use the Result Plot option to plot the test pressure versus elevation, and the hoop stress versus elevation for the specified test pressure.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Plastic Component   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 plastic piping wall thickness, hoop stress, test pressure and MAOP.

Select the appropriate plastic pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc), or use the user defined options. For plastic piping the pressure design thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the mechanical allowance. The mechanical allowance includes allowances for threads, gluing, crimping, erosion, corrosion, and mechanical damage. The dimension ratio (SDR or SIDR) is calculated from the pressure design wall thickness. Elevation and external pressure are ignored for the plastic piping calculations.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Ripple And Dent Defect   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline MAOP from the design pressure and the test pressure.

The design pressure is the minimum value of allowable pressure at all points on the pipeline. If the design pressure is not known, use the hoop stress calculators to calculate the design pressure. Use the goal seek option to calculate the allowable pressure at the allowable stress at all points on the pipeline. The minimum value of allowable pressure is the design pressure. Use the pressure design wall thickness for the hoop stress calculations.

The test pressure is the minimum value of the local test pressure at all points on the pipeline. If the minimum test pressure is not known (only the test pressure at the test location is known), use the test pressure calculators to calculate the local test pressure from the test pressure at the test location, at all points on the pipeline. Use the minimum value of local test pressure as the test pressure.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Branch Reinforcement   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Sour Gas Service   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Charpy Toughness   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Temperature Derating   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Local Pressure   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Design Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline maximum allowable design pressure from allowable stress and pressure design wall thickness.

For onshore pipelines and offshore platform piping the allowable pressure is the maximum allowable design pressure for the pipeline location class and facility type. For submerged offshore pipelines the allowable pressure is the maximum allowable pressure difference (internal pressure minus external pressure). Use the Result Table option on the plot bar to display the allowable pressure for the selected pipe diameter.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Fluid Velocity And Flow Rate   ±

Calculate ASME ASME B31.8 gas pipeline fluid velocity and flow rate for two phase gas liquid piping, and three phase black oil piping (gas water and oil).

The two phase fluid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. The three phase black oil calculator can be used for single phase oil, single phase water, two phase oil and water, and three phase oil, water and gas. Water cut is the volume fraction of water in the liquid phase (ignoring the gas phase). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Mass And Weight   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline unit mass (mass per length), unit weight (weight per length), and total mass for metal and plastic pipe.

The mass per joint can be calculated from the joint length. Construction quantities can be calculated from the total pipe length. Pipe mass and pipe unit weight (weight per length) can be calculated for multi layer pipelines (dry empty, dry full, wet empty and wet full pipelines). For multi layer pipelines, the first internal layer is the line pipe. Change the number of layers on the setup page. The line pipe diameter and thickness are calculated from the pipe schedule.

Plastic pipe wall thickness can be defined by wall thickness or diameter ratio (DR or IDR). Select standard diameter ratios from the plastic pipe schedule (SDR or SIDR), or use user defined diameter ratios (DR or IDR). Plastic pipe is generally only used in low pressure distribution systems.

Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe mass versus schedule wall thickness for the selected diameter.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Fluid Volume And Mass   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline fluid density, fluid volume and fluid mass for two phase gas liquid piping, and three phase black oil piping (gas water and oil).

The two phase fluid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. The three phase black oil calculator can be used for single phase oil, single phase water, two phase oil and water, and three phase oil, water and gas. Water cut is the volume fraction of water in the liquid phase (ignoring the gas phase). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31G Pipe Corrosion Defect   ±

Calculate ASME B31G piping level 0 corrosion defect assessment for blunt defects (corrosion defects or other defects).

The level 0 assessment is useful as a screening check. The allowable defect length is calculated from the maximum defect depth. The calculation is taken from ASME B31G 1999 (original ASME B31G). The level 0 check is suitable for blunt defects of all types, including corrosion, mechanical damage and grinding repairs etc. For crack type defects the NG-18 crack defect calculators are recommended. The RSTRENG method (effective area method) can also be used for blunt type defects. The temperature derating calculation is from ASME B31.8. Material specific test data should be used if it is available.

Defects failing the level 0 check should be checked with a level 1 or level 2 assessment (see module links below). Use the level 1 assessment for simple defects from defect length and depth using either the original ASME B31G equation, or the modified ASME B31G equation. Use the level 2 assessment for complex defects from the defect river bottom profile.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31G Manual For Determining The Remaining Strength Of Corroded Pipelines (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31G Level 1 Defect Assessment   ±

Calculate ASME B31G level 1 corrosion defect assessment for blunt type defects.

The level 1 assessment calculates the allowable pressure from the maximum defect depth and defect length, using either the original ASME B31G method (1999), or the modified ASME B31G method. Pressure derating is required if the allowable pressure is less than the maximum operating pressure.

The flow stress can be calculated as either 1.1 x SMYS, SMYS + 69 MPa, or 1/2 (SMYS + SMTS). For pipelines operating at high temperature, the SMYS and SMTS should be derated.

For submerged pipelines, or to calculate the allowable pressure at a reference elevation, use the level 1 calculator including elevation. The allowable local pressure is calculated including external pressure (use the external pressure = 0 for dry pipelines). The allowable reference pressure is calculated from the local allowable pressure, and the relative elevation.

ASME B31G is suitable for blunt defects of all types, including corrosion, mechanical damage and grinding repairs etc. For crack type defects the NG-18 crack defect calculators are recommended. The effective area method can also be used for blunt defects.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31G Manual For Determining The Remaining Strength Of Corroded Pipelines (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31G Level 2 Defect Assessment   ±

Calculate ASME B31G level 2 corrosion defect assessment for blunt type defects.

The level 2 assessment calculates the allowable pressure from the defect "river bottom" profile using the effective area method (also known as the RSTRENG method). Pressure derating is required if the allowable pressure is less than the maximum operating pressure.

The flow stress can be calculated as either 1.1 x SMYS, SMYS + 69 MPa, or 1/2 (SMYS + SMTS). For pipelines operating at high temperature, the SMYS and SMTS should be derated.

For submerged pipelines, or to calculate the allowable pressure at a reference elevation, use the level 1 and level 2 calculators including elevation. The allowable local pressure is calculated including external pressure (use the external pressure = 0 for dry pipelines). The allowable reference pressure is calculated from the local allowable pressure, and the relative elevation.

ASME B31G is suitable for blunt defects of all types, including corrosion, mechanical damage and grinding repairs etc. For crack type defects the NG-18 crack defect calculators are recommended. The effective area method can also be used for blunt defects.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31G Manual For Determining The Remaining Strength Of Corroded Pipelines (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31G Flow Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31G flow stress from SMYS and SMTS.

Flow stress can be calculated by three methods

  • Sf = 1.1 x SMYS (Plain Carbon Steel T < 120 C and Sf < SMTS)
  • Sf = SMYS + 69 MPA (SMYS ≤ 483 MPa, T < 120 C and Sf < SMTS)
  • Sf = (SYT + SUT) / 2 (SMYS ≤ 551 MPa)

SYT and SUT are the temperature derated yield stress and tensile stress for temperatures above 120 C. The derating factors are valid up to 232 C (450 F). Material specific test data should be used if it is available.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31G Manual For Determining The Remaining Strength Of Corroded Pipelines (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Line Pipe Schedule   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping schedule for metal and plastic piping.

Calculate the piping minimum wall thickness and hoop stress wall thickness schedule from the nominal wall thickness, fabrication tolerance and corrosion allowance.

`tm = tn - fa `
`tm = (1 - fx) tn `
`t = tm - c `

where :

tn = nominal wall thickness
tm = minimum wall thickness
t = hoop stress wall thickness
c = corrosion thickness allowance
fa = negative fabrication thickness allowance
fx = negative fabrication fraction

The minimum wall thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the fabrication allowance. The pressure containment wall thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the fabrication tolerance, and minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance can be defined by either a fabrication allowance, or a fabrication fraction. The pipe diameter can be defined by either the outside diameter or the inside diameter. Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe dimensions versus wall thickness, wall tolerance, or piping diameter for metal pipes, or pipe dimension versus wall thickness for plastic pipes.

Calculate metal piping maximum and minimum diameter schedule. Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe dimensions versus wall thickness, wall tolerance, or piping diameter.

Calculate piping unit mass and joint mass schedule for metal and plastic piping. Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe dimensions and mass versus wall thickness.

Calculate piping tensile stress, yield stress and allowable schedule for metal piping. Use the Result Table option to display a table of stress versus material type.

Plastic pipe wall thickness can be defined by wall thickness or diameter ratio (DR or IDR). Select standard diameter ratios from the plastic pipe schedule (SDR or SIDR), or use user defined diameter ratios (DR or IDR).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Allowable Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping basic allowable stress (S), allowable stress (SE), design stress (SEW), tensile stress (SUT), and yield stress (SYT) from the design temperature (US units).

The allowable stress (SE) is calculated from tables A-1 to A-10. The calculated stress values are constant for temperatures below the data range. For temperatures above the data range, the stress values can be calculated as either a constant value from the highest data point, constant slope from the highest data point, or set to zero. Stress values for temperatures above the data range should be ued carefully (engineering judgement is required).

The yield stress and tensile stress are assumed to be proportional to the allowable stress (approximate only). Actual yield stress and tensile stress temperature data should be used if it is available. The weld factor is only relevant for temperatures in the creep range. The weld factor W = 1 for temperatures below the creep onset temperature, or for seamless pipe.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable stress versus material type. The calculations use US standard units. Change input and output units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables (click the resources button on the data bar). Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping wall thickness from the design temperature.

Wall thickness can be calculated from either the outside diameter (constant OD), or the inside diameter (constant ID).

The allowable stress (SE) is calculated from tables A-1 to A-9. For temperatures above the data range, select either constant value, constant slope, or zero value (engineering judgement is required). The weld factor W is relevant for temperatures in the creep range. For temperatures below the creep onset temperature W = 1. The ASME Y factor can either be calculated, or user defined. For thick wall pipe (D/tm < 6) Y is calculated from the diameter. For thin wall pipe Y is calculated from the temperature. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of wall thickness and allowable pressure versus material type (for the calculate wall thickness option the allowable pressure equals the design pressure. for the specified wall thickness option the wall thickness is constant). The calculations use SI standard units. Change input and output units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables (click the resources button on the data bar). Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping hoop stress for metal and plastic piping.

Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). The minimum wall thickness can be used for new pipe, or pipe in good condition. The pressure design wall thickness should be used for corroded pipe. The pipe diameter can be defined from either the outside diameter, or the inside diameter. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping hydrotest pressure and pneumatic leak test pressure for steel pipe and plastic piping.

The test pressure should be ≥ 1.5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, and ≥ 1.2 times the design pressure for pneumatic tests. The hoop stress during testing should be ≤ 90% of the yield stress. Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance).

For piping systems with combined internal and external pressure the test pressure should be calculated from the internal pressure. The hoop stress is calculated from the pressure difference during testing. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Plastic Components   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Elastic Modulus   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping elastic modulus versus temperature from table C-2. For temperatures above or below the data range, the elastic modulus is calculated with constant slope from the end data points.

Use the data plot option to plot the elastic modulus versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. The calculations use SI standard units. Change input and output units on the setup page. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up elastic modulus data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Thermal Expansion   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping thermal expansion from temperature (ASME B31.1 Table C-2).

Table C-2 provides thermal expansion strain data (mm/m) from 20 degrees C base temperature. The expansion data is used to calculate

  • thermal expansion strain from 20 degrees C to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion strain from the design base temperature to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion length from the design base temperature to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion coefficient at the design temperature
  • The average thermal expansion coefficient from the design base temperature to the design temperature

Use the data plot option to plot thermal expansion versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of expansion coefficient, expansion strain and expansion length versus material type. Strain (ε) has units meter per meter [m/m]. The expansion strain data uses units of milli meter per meter [mm/m] or [mε] milli strain. Change input and output units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data table (click the resources button on the data bar). Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up expansion strain data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Branch Reinforcement   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping branch reinforcement for welded and extruded branches. Refer to the figures for details (click the resources button on the data bar)

For welded branches the branch angle must be ≥ 45 degrees. The pad reinforcement area also includes any welds or saddles which are inside the reinforcement zone. The extruded branch calculation is valid for right angle branches only. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Design Factor   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping design factors (Weld factor W, Y factor and thinning allowance B).

The Y factor is calculated from diameter for thick wall pipe (D/t < 6), or from temperature for thin wall pipe. The weld factor (W) is only relevant for design temperatures in the creep range. For design temperatures below the creep onset temperature W = 1. The weld factor does not apply for seamless pipe (W = 1). The thinning allowance (B) is an approximate estimate of the thinning on the outside radius due to bending (ASME B31.3 table 102.4.5). A power law curve has been fitted to the data values in the table. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Blank Flange   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Bend   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Allowable Bolt Load And Bolt Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping allowable bolt load and bolt stress from temperature (US units).

Allowable bolt stress is calculated from tables A-10. Bolt tensile area can be calculated for either ANSI threads, or ISO threads.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window (ASME B31.1 Table A-10). Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable stress and allowable load versus material type. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable bolt stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Design Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping design pressure from the design temperature.

The design stress (SE) is calculated from tables A-1 to A-9. For temperatures above the data range, select either constant value, constant slope, or zero value (engineering judgement is required). The weld factor W is relevant for temperatures in the creep range. For temperatures below the creep onset temperature W = 1. The ASME Y factor can either be calculated, or user defined. For thick wall pipe (D/tm < 6) Y is calculated from the diameter. For thin wall pipe Y is calculated from the temperature. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations.

Use the table data option for a table of allowable pressure versus wall thickness for the selected pipe schedule and diameter. Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable pressure versus material type, or allowable pressure versus wall thickness. The calculations use SI standard units. Change input and output units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables (click the resources button on the data bar). Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Steam Table   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping steam properties.

Steam table properties can be calculated for saturated liquid, saturated vapour, and mixed saturated liquid and vapour from quality factor. The enthalpy and internal energy are calculated from the mass. The saturation point can be calculated from either the saturation temperature, or the saturation pressure.

Note : There is an anomaly in the steam calculation for region 3 between the saturated vapour line, the regions 2/3 boundary, and the critical pressure. Refer to the region 3 anomaly help page for more details (click the utility button on the data bar). IAPWS R7-97 is intended for industrial use, and is a simplified version of IAPWS R6-95 for scientific use.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Mass And Weight   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping unit mass (mass per length), unit weight (weight per length), and total mass for metal and plastic pipe.

The mass per joint can be calculated from the joint length. Construction quantities can be calculated from the total pipe length. Pipe unit mass (mass per length) and unit weight (weight per length) can be calculated for multi layer pipelines (dry empty, dry full, wet empty and wet full piping). For multi layer pipelines, the first internal layer is the line pipe. Change the number of layers on the setup page.

Plastic pipe wall thickness can be defined by wall thickness or diameter ratio (DR or IDR). Select standard diameter ratios from the plastic pipe schedule (SDR or SIDR), or use user defined diameter ratios (DR or IDR). Plastic pipe is generally only used in low pressure auxilliary systems.

Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe mass or pipe weight versus wall thickness for the selected diameter.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Steam Pressure Relief   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping steam mass flow rate for pressure relief valves, headers and vents.

For pressure relief valves the mass flow rate can be calculated for isentropic or isothermal flow. The pressure relief valve is assumed to exit directly to ambient pressure. If the ambient pressure is less than the critical pressure the flow is critical (Mc = 1 for isentropic flow and Mc = √(1/γ) for isothermal flow). If exit pressure is greater than the critical nozzle pressure, the flow is sub critical (M < Mc). For isothermal flow a suitable isothermal temperature should be determined. The valve nozzle orifice diameter and cross section area can be calculated from API letter designation (API 526 type D to T), or user defined.

For a combined pressure relief valve and pressure relief header, the mass flow rate can be calculated for

  • Isentropic nozzle and adiabatic header
  • Isentropic nozzle and isothermal header
  • Isothermal nozzle and isothermal header

The pressure relief valve is assumed to exit directly into the header. If the header inlet pressure is less than or equal to the nozzle critical pressure the nozzle flow is critical, and the mass flow rate is restricted by the nozzle. The header inlet pressure is calculated so that the header mass flow rate equals the nozzle mass flow rate. If the header inlet pressure is greater than the critical nozzle pressure, the nozzle flow is sub critical (M < Mc), and the mass flow rate is restricted by the header. The mass flow rate is calculated so that the header inlet pressure is equal to the nozzle pressure. The mass flow rate through the nozzle is always equal to the mass flow rate through the header.

Pressure relief headers are normally part of a pressure relief system, and are usually attached to an upstream device such as a pressure relief valve, a pressure relief vent, or another pressure relief header. The inlet pressure of the header is less than or equal to exit pressure from the upstream device. The header should be sized so that the calculated header mass flowrate is greater than or equal to the mass flowrate of the upstream device. For headers attached to multiple upstream devices, the header mass flowrate is divided by the number of devices. If the header is oversized, the header inlet pressure will reduce so that the actual header mass flowrate is equal to the upstream mass flowrate (there is a pressure drop between the upstream exit and the header inlet).

Pressure relief vents are constant diameter piping, usually with either a valve or a burst disk. Vents usually exit either to atmosphere, or into a header. If the ambient pressure is less than the critical exit pressure exit flow is critical. If the ambient pressure is greater than the critical exit pressure, exit flow is sub critical (M < Mc). The header or vent inlet flow is assumed to be sub critical for all flow conditions. Header and vent pressure losses are calculated from the pressure loss factor (fld = fL/D + K). The Darcy friction factor f is calculated for fully turbulent flow using the rough pipe equation. Minor losses can be included by the minor loss K factor, and should include valves and bends etc. The discharge coefficient can also be used for minor losses, and as a safety factor.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Steam Mass And Flow Rate   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping steam mass, velocity and flow rate from the steam table (IAPWS R7-97 Steam Table).

Steam mass and volume can be calculated from steam temperature and pressure, and either steam mass, steam volume, or piping length. Steam flow rate and velocity can be calculated from steam temperature and pressure, and either steam mass flow rate, steam volume flow rate, or steam velocity.

Steam properties can be calculated for water and steam, saturated water, saturated steam, saturated water and steam, metastable water, and metastable steam. The calculations for water and steam are valid between 273.15 K and 1073.15 K (0 to 100 MPa), and between 1073.15 K and 2273.15 K (0 to 50 MPa).

The saturated water and steam calculations are valid between 273.15 K and 647.096 K.

The metastable calculation is valid between 273.15 K and 647.096 K, and for pressure from the saturated vapour line to the 5% equilibium moisture line (user defined).

Note : There is an anomaly in the steam calculation for region 3 between the saturated vapour line, the regions 2/3 boundary, and the critical pressure. Refer to the region 3 anomaly help page for more details (click the utility button on the data bar).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Line Pipe Schedule   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Allowable Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping allowable stress (S), yield stress (SYT) and tensile stress (SUT) from the design temperature.

Stress values are calculated from temperature using Table 502.3.1 (US values). Change units on the setup page. For temperatures below the data range, the stress value is constant (fracture toughness should also be considered for low temperature operation). For temperatures above the data range the stress values can either be constant value for the end point, constant slope from the end point, or zero from the end point. Engineering judgement is required to use extrapolated values above the data range.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable stress versus material type. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping wall thickness from internal pressure and design temperature .

Allowable stress is calculated from temperature using Table 502.3.1 (US values). Change units on the setup page. Stress values can be extrapolated for temperatures above the data range (care is required when using extrapolated values). The wall thickness calculations are valid for internal overpressure only. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of wall thickness and allowable pressure versus material type (for the calculate wall thickness option the allowable pressure equals the design pressure. For the specified wall thickness option the wall thickness is constant). Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping hoop stress from internal pressure. Use the allowable stress calculators to calculate the allowable stress from the design temperature.

The hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). For operation the hoop stress should be ≤ the design stress. For pressure tests, the hoop stress should be ≤ 100% of yield stress for hydrotest, or ≤ 90% of yield strss for pneumatic tests. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping hydrotest and pneumatic leak test pressure and hoop stress check. Use the allowable stress calculators to calculate the yield stress from the design temperature.

The test pressure should be 1.5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, or 1.1 times the design pressure for pneumatic test. Hydrotest should be used for secondary cooling piping only. Hydrotest should not be used for refrigeration piping.

Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). Minimum wall thickness is recommended for new piping, or piping in as new condition. The pressure design wall thickness is recommended for corroded piping. The hoop stress should be ≤ 90% of yield for hydrotest or pneumatic tests.

For piping systems with combined internal and external pressure during operation, the test pressure should be calculated from the internal pressure only. The hoop stress should be calculated separately from the pressure difference during testing (use the hoop stress calculator). Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Minimum Temperature For Impact Testing   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping minimum temperature for impact testing from wall thickness and material type.

For carbon steel materials with a minimum temperature letter designation, the minimum temperature for testing can be calculated according to table 523.2.2 (curves A, B and C).

If the maximum stress is less than the design stress, the impact testing temperature can be reduced according to figure 523.2.2 using the stress ratio (the ratio of design tensile streess over allowable stress). Use the hoop stress calculator to calculate the hoop tensile stress. Use the flexibility calculators to calculate longitudinal tensile stress. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up minimum temperature and letter designation data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Elastic Modulus   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping elastic modulus versus temperature from table 519.3.2 (SI Units).

The elastic modulus is extrapolated with constant slope for temperatures outside the data range.

Use the data plot option to plot the elastic modulus versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of elastic modulus versus material type. Change units on the setup page. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up elastic modulus data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Thermal Expansion   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping thermal expansion from table 519.3.1 (SI units).

For temperatures outside the data range, thermal expansion is extrapolated with constant slope from the end points.

thermal expansion from 21 degrees C base temperature to the design temperature is interpolated from the table. The calculations include : thermal expansion from the design base temperature to the design temperature, the expansion coefficient at the design temperature, and the mean expansion coefficient and elongation from the design base temperature to the design temperature.

Use the data plot option to plot thermal expansion versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Change units on the setup page. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up thermal expansion data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Branch Reinforcement   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping required branch reinforcement for welded and extruded branches.

The calculations are valid for right angle welded branches, angled welded branches ≥ 45 degrees, and right anngle extruded branches.

Use the pipe wall thickness calculators to calculate design stress, minimum thickness and Y factor for the header pipe and branch pipe (use the user defined wall thickness option). Use the allowable stress calculators to calculate the design stress for the reinforcement pad. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Design Factor   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Blank Flange And Closure   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Design Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping maximum allowable design pressure from wall thickness and design temperature .

Allowable stress is calculated from temperature using Table 502.3.1 (US values). Change units on the setup page. Stress values can be extrapolated for temperatures above the data range (care is required when using extrapolated values). For combined internal and external pressure the allowable pressure is equal to the maximum allowable pressure difference.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the relevant data table. Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable pressure versus wall thickness for the selected pipe schedule.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Mass And Weight   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping unit mass (mass per length), unit weight (weight per length), and total mass.

The mass per joint can be calculated from the joint length. Construction quantities can be calculated from the total pipe length. Pipe mass and pipe unit weight (weight per length) can be calculated for multi layer pipelines (dry empty, dry full, wet empty and wet full pipelines).

Calculate pipeline fluid density, fluid volume and fluid mass for two phase gas liquid piping. The two phase gas liquid calculator can also be used to calculate the density of single phase gas.

Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe properties versus schedule wall thickness for the selected diameter. For multi layer pipelines, the first internal layer is the line pipe. Change the number of layers on the setup page. The line pipe diameter and thickness are calculated from the pipe schedule.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Fluid Volume And Mass   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping fluid volume and mass for two phase gas and liquid.

The two phase gas liquid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Fluid Velocity And Flow Rate   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping fluid velocity and flow rate for two phase gas and liquid.

The two phase gas liquid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31 Stress Intensity Factor   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Flexibility And Stress Factor   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Flexibility And Stress Factor   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Flexibility And Stress Factor   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Flexibility And Stress Factor   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Flexibility And Stress Factor   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31 Pipe Diameter And Wall Thickness Schedule   ±

Calculate ASME B31 line pipe diameter and pressure design wall thickness with and without fabrication tolerances.

For some pipe codes (eg ASME B31.4, ASME B31.8, API RP 111 and AS 2885.1) the fabrication tolerance is included in the design factor, and provided that fabrication tolerances are within the relevant specification. For these codes the pressure design or pressure containment wall thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the corrosion and mechanical allowance.

For other codes (eg ASME B31.1, ASME B31.3 and ASME B31.5) the fabrication tolerance must be included in the pressure design calculation. For these codes the minimum wall thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the fabrication allowance. The pressure containment wall thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the fabrication allowance, and minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance can be defined by either a fabrication allowance, or a fabrication fraction.

The pipe diameter can be defined by either the outside diameter or the inside diameter. Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe cross section versus wall thickness for the selected diameter.

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DATA MODULE : ASME B31 Pipe And Flange Dimension ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

ASME B31.8 gas pipe and flange data values: pipe dimensions, flange dimensions, cover requirements, cold bends, burn through and location class.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems

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    DATA MODULE : Material Tensile Strength ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : Material Thermal Expansion Coefficient ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME ANSI API Design Factor ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Allowable Stress ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Elastic Modulus ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Thermal Expansion ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

    Thermal expansion coefficient data for ASME B31.1 power piping (Table B SI values).

    Thermal expansion (mm/m) is measured from a base temperature of 68 F or 20 C. Use the ASME B31.1 thermal expansion calculators (see link below) to interpolate thermal expansion data values, calculate thermal expansion coefficient, or calculate thermal expansion from a different base temperature.

    Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping

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    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Design Factor ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Plastic Component ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

    Data tables for ASME B31.1 power piping plastic components.

    Design stress and temperature limits for thermoplastic piping (table N-102.2.1(a)-1), laminated reinforced thermosetting resin piping (table N-102.2.1(a)-2), and machine-made reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (table N-102.2.1(a)-3).

    Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping

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    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Allowable Bolt Stress ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

    Bolt allowable stress data for ASME B31.1 power piping (Table A-10 US values).

    Use the ASME B31.1 allowable bolt load and bolt stress calculators (see link below) to calculate the allowable bolt stress and allowable bolt load from temperature.

    Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping

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    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Allowable Stress ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Elastic Modulus ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Thermal Expansion ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

    Thermal expansion coefficient data for ASME B31.3 process piping (Table C SI values).

    Thermal expansion (mm/m) is measured from a base temperature of 68 F or 20 C. Use the ASME B31.3 thermal expansion calculators (see link below) to interpolate thermal expansion data values, calculate thermal expansion coefficient, or calculate thermal expansion from a different base temperature.

    Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Weld Quality Factor ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Plastic Component ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Design Factor ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Minimum Temperature For Impact Testing ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Allowable Bolt Stress ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Allowable Stress ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Elastic Modulus ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

    Elastic modulus data for ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping (Table 519.3.2 SI values).

    Use the ASME B31.5 elastic modulus calculators (see link below) to interpolate the US data values, or to convert the US data values to SI units.

    Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components

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    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Thermal Expansion ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

    Thermal expansion coefficient data for ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping (Table 519.3.3 SI values and US values).

    Thermal expansion (in/ft or mm/m) is measured from a base temperature of 70 F or 20 C. Use the ASME B31.5 thermal expansion calculators (see link below) to interpolate thermal expansion data values, calculate thermal expansion coefficient, or calculate thermal expansion from a different base temperature.

    Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components

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    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Refrigerant Safety Classification ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
    DATA MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Minimum Temperature For Impact Testing ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
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