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ANSI B31.1 Power Piping Modules

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Line Pipe Schedule   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping schedule for metal and plastic piping.

Calculate the piping minimum wall thickness and hoop stress wall thickness schedule from the nominal wall thickness, fabrication tolerance and corrosion allowance.

`tm = tn - fa `
`tm = (1 - fx) tn `
`t = tm - c `

where :

tn = nominal wall thickness
tm = minimum wall thickness
t = hoop stress wall thickness
c = corrosion thickness allowance
fa = negative fabrication thickness allowance
fx = negative fabrication fraction

The minimum wall thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the fabrication allowance. The pressure containment wall thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the fabrication tolerance, and minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance can be defined by either a fabrication allowance, or a fabrication fraction. The pipe diameter can be defined by either the outside diameter or the inside diameter. Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe dimensions versus wall thickness, wall tolerance, or piping diameter for metal pipes, or pipe dimension versus wall thickness for plastic pipes.

Calculate metal piping maximum and minimum diameter schedule. Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe dimensions versus wall thickness, wall tolerance, or piping diameter.

Calculate piping unit mass and joint mass schedule for metal and plastic piping. Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe dimensions and mass versus wall thickness.

Calculate piping tensile stress, yield stress and allowable schedule for metal piping. Use the Result Table option to display a table of stress versus material type.

Plastic pipe wall thickness can be defined by wall thickness or diameter ratio (DR or IDR). Select standard diameter ratios from the plastic pipe schedule (SDR or SIDR), or use user defined diameter ratios (DR or IDR).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Allowable Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping basic allowable stress (S), allowable stress (SE), design stress (SEW), tensile stress (SUT), and yield stress (SYT) from the design temperature (US units).

The allowable stress (SE) is calculated from tables A-1 to A-10. The calculated stress values are constant for temperatures below the data range. For temperatures above the data range, the stress values can be calculated as either a constant value from the highest data point, constant slope from the highest data point, or set to zero. Stress values for temperatures above the data range should be ued carefully (engineering judgement is required).

The yield stress and tensile stress are assumed to be proportional to the allowable stress (approximate only). Actual yield stress and tensile stress temperature data should be used if it is available. The weld factor is only relevant for temperatures in the creep range. The weld factor W = 1 for temperatures below the creep onset temperature, or for seamless pipe.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable stress versus material type. The calculations use US standard units. Change input and output units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables (click the resources button on the data bar). Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping wall thickness from the design temperature.

Wall thickness can be calculated from either the outside diameter (constant OD), or the inside diameter (constant ID).

The allowable stress (SE) is calculated from tables A-1 to A-9. For temperatures above the data range, select either constant value, constant slope, or zero value (engineering judgement is required). The weld factor W is relevant for temperatures in the creep range. For temperatures below the creep onset temperature W = 1. The ASME Y factor can either be calculated, or user defined. For thick wall pipe (D/tm < 6) Y is calculated from the diameter. For thin wall pipe Y is calculated from the temperature. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of wall thickness and allowable pressure versus material type (for the calculate wall thickness option the allowable pressure equals the design pressure. for the specified wall thickness option the wall thickness is constant). The calculations use SI standard units. Change input and output units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables (click the resources button on the data bar). Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping hoop stress for metal and plastic piping.

Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). The minimum wall thickness can be used for new pipe, or pipe in good condition. The pressure design wall thickness should be used for corroded pipe. The pipe diameter can be defined from either the outside diameter, or the inside diameter. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping hydrotest pressure and pneumatic leak test pressure for steel pipe and plastic piping.

The test pressure should be ≥ 1.5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, and ≥ 1.2 times the design pressure for pneumatic tests. The hoop stress during testing should be ≤ 90% of the yield stress. Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance).

For piping systems with combined internal and external pressure the test pressure should be calculated from the internal pressure. The hoop stress is calculated from the pressure difference during testing. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Plastic Components   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Elastic Modulus   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping elastic modulus versus temperature from table C-2. For temperatures above or below the data range, the elastic modulus is calculated with constant slope from the end data points.

Use the data plot option to plot the elastic modulus versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. The calculations use SI standard units. Change input and output units on the setup page. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up elastic modulus data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Thermal Expansion   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping thermal expansion from temperature (ASME B31.1 Table C-2).

Table C-2 provides thermal expansion strain data (mm/m) from 20 degrees C base temperature. The expansion data is used to calculate

  • thermal expansion strain from 20 degrees C to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion strain from the design base temperature to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion length from the design base temperature to the design temperature
  • thermal expansion coefficient at the design temperature
  • The average thermal expansion coefficient from the design base temperature to the design temperature

Use the data plot option to plot thermal expansion versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of expansion coefficient, expansion strain and expansion length versus material type. Strain (ε) has units meter per meter [m/m]. The expansion strain data uses units of milli meter per meter [mm/m] or [mε] milli strain. Change input and output units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data table (click the resources button on the data bar). Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up expansion strain data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Branch Reinforcement   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping branch reinforcement for welded and extruded branches. Refer to the figures for details (click the resources button on the data bar)

For welded branches the branch angle must be ≥ 45 degrees. The pad reinforcement area also includes any welds or saddles which are inside the reinforcement zone. The extruded branch calculation is valid for right angle branches only. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Design Factor   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping design factors (Weld factor W, Y factor and thinning allowance B).

The Y factor is calculated from diameter for thick wall pipe (D/t < 6), or from temperature for thin wall pipe. The weld factor (W) is only relevant for design temperatures in the creep range. For design temperatures below the creep onset temperature W = 1. The weld factor does not apply for seamless pipe (W = 1). The thinning allowance (B) is an approximate estimate of the thinning on the outside radius due to bending (ASME B31.3 table 102.4.5). A power law curve has been fitted to the data values in the table. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Blank Flange   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Bend   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Allowable Bolt Load And Bolt Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping allowable bolt load and bolt stress from temperature (US units).

Allowable bolt stress is calculated from tables A-10. Bolt tensile area can be calculated for either ANSI threads, or ISO threads.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window (ASME B31.1 Table A-10). Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable stress and allowable load versus material type. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable bolt stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Design Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping design pressure from the design temperature.

The design stress (SE) is calculated from tables A-1 to A-9. For temperatures above the data range, select either constant value, constant slope, or zero value (engineering judgement is required). The weld factor W is relevant for temperatures in the creep range. For temperatures below the creep onset temperature W = 1. The ASME Y factor can either be calculated, or user defined. For thick wall pipe (D/tm < 6) Y is calculated from the diameter. For thin wall pipe Y is calculated from the temperature. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations.

Use the table data option for a table of allowable pressure versus wall thickness for the selected pipe schedule and diameter. Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable pressure versus material type, or allowable pressure versus wall thickness. The calculations use SI standard units. Change input and output units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables (click the resources button on the data bar). Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Steam Table   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping steam properties.

Steam table properties can be calculated for saturated liquid, saturated vapour, and mixed saturated liquid and vapour from quality factor. The enthalpy and internal energy are calculated from the mass. The saturation point can be calculated from either the saturation temperature, or the saturation pressure.

Note : There is an anomaly in the steam calculation for region 3 between the saturated vapour line, the regions 2/3 boundary, and the critical pressure. Refer to the region 3 anomaly help page for more details (click the utility button on the data bar). IAPWS R7-97 is intended for industrial use, and is a simplified version of IAPWS R6-95 for scientific use.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Mass And Weight   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping unit mass (mass per length), unit weight (weight per length), and total mass for metal and plastic pipe.

The mass per joint can be calculated from the joint length. Construction quantities can be calculated from the total pipe length. Pipe unit mass (mass per length) and unit weight (weight per length) can be calculated for multi layer pipelines (dry empty, dry full, wet empty and wet full piping). For multi layer pipelines, the first internal layer is the line pipe. Change the number of layers on the setup page.

Plastic pipe wall thickness can be defined by wall thickness or diameter ratio (DR or IDR). Select standard diameter ratios from the plastic pipe schedule (SDR or SIDR), or use user defined diameter ratios (DR or IDR). Plastic pipe is generally only used in low pressure auxilliary systems.

Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe mass or pipe weight versus wall thickness for the selected diameter.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Steam Pressure Relief   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping steam mass flow rate for pressure relief valves, headers and vents.

For pressure relief valves the mass flow rate can be calculated for isentropic or isothermal flow. The pressure relief valve is assumed to exit directly to ambient pressure. If the ambient pressure is less than the critical pressure the flow is critical (Mc = 1 for isentropic flow and Mc = √(1/γ) for isothermal flow). If exit pressure is greater than the critical nozzle pressure, the flow is sub critical (M < Mc). For isothermal flow a suitable isothermal temperature should be determined. The valve nozzle orifice diameter and cross section area can be calculated from API letter designation (API 526 type D to T), or user defined.

For a combined pressure relief valve and pressure relief header, the mass flow rate can be calculated for

  • Isentropic nozzle and adiabatic header
  • Isentropic nozzle and isothermal header
  • Isothermal nozzle and isothermal header

The pressure relief valve is assumed to exit directly into the header. If the header inlet pressure is less than or equal to the nozzle critical pressure the nozzle flow is critical, and the mass flow rate is restricted by the nozzle. The header inlet pressure is calculated so that the header mass flow rate equals the nozzle mass flow rate. If the header inlet pressure is greater than the critical nozzle pressure, the nozzle flow is sub critical (M < Mc), and the mass flow rate is restricted by the header. The mass flow rate is calculated so that the header inlet pressure is equal to the nozzle pressure. The mass flow rate through the nozzle is always equal to the mass flow rate through the header.

Pressure relief headers are normally part of a pressure relief system, and are usually attached to an upstream device such as a pressure relief valve, a pressure relief vent, or another pressure relief header. The inlet pressure of the header is less than or equal to exit pressure from the upstream device. The header should be sized so that the calculated header mass flowrate is greater than or equal to the mass flowrate of the upstream device. For headers attached to multiple upstream devices, the header mass flowrate is divided by the number of devices. If the header is oversized, the header inlet pressure will reduce so that the actual header mass flowrate is equal to the upstream mass flowrate (there is a pressure drop between the upstream exit and the header inlet).

Pressure relief vents are constant diameter piping, usually with either a valve or a burst disk. Vents usually exit either to atmosphere, or into a header. If the ambient pressure is less than the critical exit pressure exit flow is critical. If the ambient pressure is greater than the critical exit pressure, exit flow is sub critical (M < Mc). The header or vent inlet flow is assumed to be sub critical for all flow conditions. Header and vent pressure losses are calculated from the pressure loss factor (fld = fL/D + K). The Darcy friction factor f is calculated for fully turbulent flow using the rough pipe equation. Minor losses can be included by the minor loss K factor, and should include valves and bends etc. The discharge coefficient can also be used for minor losses, and as a safety factor.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Steam Mass And Flow Rate   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping steam mass, velocity and flow rate from the steam table (IAPWS R7-97 Steam Table).

Steam mass and volume can be calculated from steam temperature and pressure, and either steam mass, steam volume, or piping length. Steam flow rate and velocity can be calculated from steam temperature and pressure, and either steam mass flow rate, steam volume flow rate, or steam velocity.

Steam properties can be calculated for water and steam, saturated water, saturated steam, saturated water and steam, metastable water, and metastable steam. The calculations for water and steam are valid between 273.15 K and 1073.15 K (0 to 100 MPa), and between 1073.15 K and 2273.15 K (0 to 50 MPa).

The saturated water and steam calculations are valid between 273.15 K and 647.096 K.

The metastable calculation is valid between 273.15 K and 647.096 K, and for pressure from the saturated vapour line to the 5% equilibium moisture line (user defined).

Note : There is an anomaly in the steam calculation for region 3 between the saturated vapour line, the regions 2/3 boundary, and the critical pressure. Refer to the region 3 anomaly help page for more details (click the utility button on the data bar).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Flexibility And Stress Factor   ±
DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Allowable Stress ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Elastic Modulus ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Thermal Expansion ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

Thermal expansion coefficient data for ASME B31.1 power piping (Table B SI values).

Thermal expansion (mm/m) is measured from a base temperature of 68 F or 20 C. Use the ASME B31.1 thermal expansion calculators (see link below) to interpolate thermal expansion data values, calculate thermal expansion coefficient, or calculate thermal expansion from a different base temperature.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping

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DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Design Factor ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Plastic Component ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

Data tables for ASME B31.1 power piping plastic components.

Design stress and temperature limits for thermoplastic piping (table N-102.2.1(a)-1), laminated reinforced thermosetting resin piping (table N-102.2.1(a)-2), and machine-made reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (table N-102.2.1(a)-3).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping

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DATA MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Allowable Bolt Stress ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±

Bolt allowable stress data for ASME B31.1 power piping (Table A-10 US values).

Use the ASME B31.1 allowable bolt load and bolt stress calculators (see link below) to calculate the allowable bolt stress and allowable bolt load from temperature.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping

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