Pipeng Toolbox : Liquid Flow Modules Login
Short Cuts
GO
Main ±
Beams ±
References ±
Fluid Flow ±
Fluid Properties ±
Maths ±
Materials ±
Pipelines ±
Soils ±
Subsea ±
Data ±
Units ±
Help ±
Demo

Liquid Flow Modules

Links : ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Fluid Velocity And Flow Rate   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping fluid velocity and flow rate for two phase gas liquid piping, and three phase black oil piping (gas water and oil).

The two phase fluid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. The three phase black oil calculator can be used for single phase oil, single phase water, two phase oil and water, and three phase oil, water and gas. Water cut is the volume fraction of water in the liquid phase (ignoring the gas phase). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Fluid Velocity And Flow Rate   ±

Calculate ASME B31.4 liquid pipeline fluid velocity and flow rate for two phase gas liquid piping, and three phase black oil piping (gas water and oil).

The two phase fluid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. The three phase black oil calculator can be used for single phase oil, single phase water, two phase oil and water, and three phase oil, water and gas. Water cut is the volume fraction of water in the liquid phase (ignoring the gas phase). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet).

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquids And Slurries (2012)

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Piping Fitting Minor Loss Factor   ±

Calculate pipe fitting minor loss factors.

Minor loss factors can be defined as:

  • Av (SI) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per second fluid density 1 kilogram per cubic meter which gives a pressure drop of 1 Pa
  • Cv-uk (UK) flow coefficient - the flow in UK gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-us (US) flow coefficient - the flow in US gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-met (Metric) flow coefficient - the flow in liters per minute of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Kv (EU) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per hour of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Cv* the dimensionless US flow factor = Cv-us / din^2 (din is the inside diameter in inches)
  • K factor - the ratio of pressure loss over the dynamic pressure
  • Cd or discharge coefficient - the ratio of the actual flow rate of the fluid through the fitting over the frictionless flow rate.

The K factor and discharge coefficient are dimensionless and can be used with any consistent set of units. The dimensionless flow coefficient has inconsistent units, and is unit specific. The flow coefficient Av, Cv-us, Cv-uk, Cv-met and Kv have dimensions length squared, and can not be used interchangeably between different systems of units.

Note : The friction factor K, discharge coefficient Cd, dimensionless flow coefficient Cv*, and flow coefficients Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv are used in different situations. The discharge coefficient is usually used for discharge through an orifice, but can also be used in other situations (for example pressure relief valves). The flow coefficients Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv, and the dimensionless flow coefficient Cv* are usually used for valves, but can also be used for other fittings. Engineering judgement is required to determine the correct minor loss factor to use.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Piping Fitting Pressure Loss   ±

Calculate outlet pressure and pressure loss through piping and fittings.

The pressure loss is calculated from the Moody diagram using the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor. The Darcy friction factor can be calculated using either the Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow equation, the original Colebrook White turbulent flow equation, or the modified Colebrook White equation. Changes in elevation are ignored.

For liquid piping with fittings the outlet pressure is calculated by:

`Po = P - 8 (fL/D+ΣK) ρ (Q^2) / (pi^2D^4) `
`ΔP = P - Po `

where :

ΔP = pressure loss
P =inlet pressure
Po = outlet pressure
Po = outlet pressure
ρ = fluid density
Q= fluid volume flowrate
f = Darcy friction factor
L = pipe length
D = pipe inside diameter
Σ K = total fitting K factor

For gas piping with fittings the outlet pressure is calculated by:

`Po = √(P^2 - 16m^2(fd.L / D + ΣK) (mma.SG.ZRoT)/(pi^2D^4) ) `

where :

m = gas mole flowrate
mma = air molar mass
SG = gas specific gravity
Z = gas compressibility factor
Ro = universal gas constant
T = gas temperature

For liquid fittings the outlet pressure is calculated by:

`Po = P - 8 K ρ (Q^2) / (pi^2D^4) `

where :

K = fitting K factor

For gas fittings the outlet pressure is calculated by:

`Po = √(P^2 - m^2K (16mma.SG.ZRoT)/(pi^2D^4) ) `

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Piping Check Valve Minor Loss Factor   ±

Calculate typical gas and liquid pipe check valve minimum velocity and minor loss factors (K, Cd, Cv*, Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv).

The minimum flowrate is the flowrate required to keep the check valve fully open. For full port valves the valve port cross section area equals the nominal internal cross section area. For reduced port valves the valve port cross section area is less than the nominal internal cross section area. For circular valve ports the diameter ratio is equal to the valve port diameter over the nominal inside diameter. For non circular valve ports, use the square root of the internal area ratio (the square root of the valve port area over the nominal internal area).

Minor loss factors are calculated for:

  • Av (SI) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per second fluid density 1 kilogram per cubic meter which gives a pressure drop of 1 Pa
  • Cv-uk (UK) flow coefficient - the flow in UK gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-us (US) flow coefficient - the flow in US gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-met (Metric) flow coefficient - the flow in liters per minute of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Kv (EU) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per hour of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Cv* the dimensionless US flow factor = Cv-us / din^2 (din is the inside diameter in inches)
  • K factor - the ratio of pressure loss over the dynamic pressure
  • Cd or discharge coefficient - the ratio of the actual flow rate of the fluid through the fitting over the frictionless flow rate.

The calculated values are typical. Manufacturers data should be used if it is available.

Reference : Crane Technical Paper 410M Metric Version : Flow Of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings And Pipe

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Piping Control Valve Sizing   ±

Calculate typical gas and liquid pipe control valve sizing and minor loss factors (K, Cd, Cv*, Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv).

The control valve sizing is calculated in two steps using the ISA-75.01.01 iteration method for Kv flow coefficient. The other flow factors (Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met, Cv*, K, and Cd) are calculated from Kv.

Step 1 : Calculate the required valve flow coefficient (Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv) assuming that the valve ID is equal to the pipe ID. Use the required flow coefficient to select a suitable valve.

Step 2 : Select a suitable valve size, type and flow coefficient based on manufacturers data. If a full bore valve is too large, a smaller valve should be selected, with assumed concentric reducers. Calculate the required flow coefficient for the selected valve. The required flow coefficient should be less than or equal to the valve flow coefficient. A trial and error process may be required to determine the appropriate valve. It is recommended that the valve diameter is not less than half the pipe diameter. The calculation is not valid if the valve diameter is greater than the pipe diameter. The calculation might not converge if the valve size is too small.

For viscous fluids or very low flow velocity flow, with low Reynolds number (Rev < 10,000) use the Reynolds number factor option. For most flow cases the Reynolds number can be ignored (Fr = 1).

Check for choked conditions. If the outlet pressure for step 1 or step 2 is greater than the minimum (choked) outlet pressure, set the outlet pressure equal to the choked outlet pressure. The maximum (choked) flowrate, maximum (choked) delta pressure and minimum (choked) outlet pressure are calculated from the fluid vapour pressure, and the fluid critical point pressure. Specially designed valves are required to operate at choked conditions.

The K factors should include fittings located with 2D upstream and 6D downstream. The fluid velocity is calculated from the valve ID. The piping is assumed to be constant diameter upstream and downstream of the valve. The liquid pressure recovery factor Fl, and the valve design factor Fd depend on the valve type and geometry. Typical values are included in the data tables. Manufacturers data should be used if it is available. Check that the convergence is close to or equal to one. Convergence problems can indicate that the selected valve size is too small.

The dimensionless flow coefficient Cv* equals Cv-us / IDin^2, where IDin is the valve inside diameter in inches. For control valves, a maximum Cv* value of 30 is recommended, equivalent to a minimum K factor of 1.

Minor loss factors are calculated for:

  • Av (SI) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per second fluid density 1 kilogram per cubic meter which gives a pressure drop of 1 Pa
  • Cv-uk (UK) flow coefficient - the flow in UK gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-us (US) flow coefficient - the flow in US gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-met (Metric) flow coefficient - the flow in liters per minute of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Kv (EU) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per hour of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Cv* the dimensionless US flow factor = Cv-us / din^2 (din is the inside diameter in inches)
  • K factor - the ratio of pressure loss over the dynamic pressure
  • Cd or discharge coefficient - the ratio of the actual flow rate of the fluid through the fitting over the frictionless flow rate.

Reference : ISA-75.01.01 Industrial Process Control Valves Part 2-1 Flow Capacity Sizing Equations For Fluid Flow Under Installed Conditions

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Piping Minor Loss Factor   ±

Calculate liquid pipe fitting minor loss factors.

Minor loss factors can be defined as:

  • Av (SI) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per second fluid density 1 kilogram per cubic meter which gives a pressure drop of 1 Pa
  • Cv-uk (UK) flow coefficient - the flow in UK gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-us (US) flow coefficient - the flow in US gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-met (Metric) flow coefficient - the flow in liters per minute of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Kv (EU) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per hour of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Cv* the dimensionless US flow factor = Cv-us / din^2 (din is the inside diameter in inches)
  • K factor - the ratio of pressure loss over the dynamic pressure
  • Cd or discharge coefficient - the ratio of the actual flow rate of the fluid through the fitting over the frictionless flow rate.

The K factor and discharge coefficient are dimensionless and can be used with any consistent set of units. The dimensionless flow coefficient has inconsistent units, and is unit specific. The flow coefficient Av, Cv-us, Cv-uk, Cv-met and Kv have dimensions length squared, and can not be used interchangeably between different systems of units.

Note : The friction factor K, discharge coefficient Cd, dimensionless flow coefficient Cv*, and flow coefficients Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv are used in different situations. The discharge coefficient is usually used for discharge through an orifice, but can also be used in other situations (for example pressure relief valves). The flow coefficients Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv, and the dimensionless flow coefficient Cv* are usually used for valves, but can also be used for other fittings. Engineering judgement is required to determine the correct minor loss factor to use.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Bernoulli's Equation   ±

Calculate gas and liquid pressure using the Bernoulli equation.

The Bernoulli equation describes the conservation of energy in a static or moving fluid. For a frictionless fluid flow where no work is done by or to the system and the temperature is constant, energy is conserved. The Bernoulli equation can be expressed as conservation of energy, conservation of pressure or conservation of fluid head. The total pressure is referred to as the Bernoulli pressure (Pb) or the Energy Grade Line (EGL).

`Pb = Ps + Pd + Pz `
`Pg = Ps + Pd `
`Ph = Ps + Pz `

where :

Pb = Bernoulli pressure or total pressure or energy grade line (EGL) (= constant for frictionless flow)
Ps = static pressure
Pz = potential or pressure
Pd = dynamic pressure
Pg = stagnation pressure
Ph = hydraulic or piezometric pressure or hydraulic grade line (HGL)

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Bernoulli's Equation Hydraulic Grade Line   ±

Calculate gas and liquid pipeline hydraulic pressure or hydraulic grade line (HGL) from data points using the Bernoulli equation.

The hydraulic or piezometric pressure is calculated by

`Ph = Ps + Pz `

where :

Ps = static pressure
Pz = potential or pressure
Ph = hydraulic or piezometric pressure (HGL)

For constant diameter pipelines, the friction pressure loss can be calculated from the difference in hydraulic pressure (changes in dynamic pressure are ignored). For gas pipelines, the changes in dynamic pressure are usually small compared to the other terms.

Note : The pressure terms are calculated at the selected data point. The data point option is set to pipe inlet when the page loads. Click calculate to update the data point options to include all of the data points before you select the data point. Click calculate each time you change the position data (X) values, and before you select the data point. Data points can be entered as comma separated values (Xi, Zi, Pi) with each set on a new line, or copy and paste from a spreadsheet.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Bernoulli's Equation Stationary Pressure From Elevation   ±

Calculate static pressure from elevation for gases and liquids using the Bernoulli equation.

For stationary fluid, the hydraulic or piezometric pressure is constant. The static pressure at any point can be calculated from a known pressure and relative elevation. For liquids, the fluid density is assumed to be constant. For gases, the fluid density varies with pressure.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Bernoulli's Equation Prandtl Tube   ±

Calculate fluid velocity from the pressure difference across a Pitot-Static or Prandtl tube using the Bernoulli equation.

Prandtl tubes or Pitot-Static tubes are used to measure the fluid static pressure, and the fluid stagnation pressure (the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure). The fluid velocity can be calculated from the dynamic pressure. The dynamic pressure is equal to the stagnation pressure minus the static pressure.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Bernoulli's Equation Pitot Tube   ±

Calculate fluid velocity from the Pitot tube pressure measurement using the Bernoulli equation.

Pitot tubes are used to measure the fluid stagnation pressure (the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure). The fluid velocity can be calculated from the Pitot tube pressure for cases where the static pressure is negligible. For example in shallow water where the stagnation pressure is measured by gauge pressure.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Bernoulli's Equation Flow Meter   ±

Calculate fluid flowrate from flowmeter pressure measurements using the Bernoulli equation.

The flowrate through a flow meter can be calculated from the difference in static pressure using the Bernoulli equation. The discharge coefficient accounts for friction losses through the flow meter. Bernoulli flow meters are normally installed horizontal so that changes in elevation can be ignored.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Pipeline Pressure Loss From The Darcy Weisbach Equation   ±

Calculate single phase liquid pipeline pressure loss using the Darcy Weisbach equation.

`Po = P - (fd L / (ID) + K) 1/2 ρ V^2 + ρ g (zi - zo) `

where :

Po = outlet pressure
P = inlet pressure
fd = Darcy friction factor
L = piping length
ID = piping inside diameter
K = total friction loss factor for fittings
ρ = fluid density
V = fluid velocity
g = gravity constant
zi = inlet elevation
zo = outlet elevation

The Darcy friction factor can be calculated for

  • Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow equation
  • original Colebrook White equation
  • modified Colebrook White equation
  • Prandtl Nikuradse smooth pipe equation
  • Blasius smooth pipe equation
  • Colebrook smooth pipe equation
  • Miller smooth pipe equation
  • Konakov smooth pipe equation
  • Von Karman rough pipe equation

For low Reynolds numbers Re < 2000, the fluid flow is laminar and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using the Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow equation. For high Reynolds numbers Re > 4000, the fluid flow is turbulent and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using one of the turbulent flow equations. In the transition region 2000 < Re < 4000, the flow is unstable and the friction loss cannot be reliably calculated. The minor loss K factor is used to account for pipeline fittings such as bends, tees, valves etc..

The calculators use the Darcy-Weisbach pressure loss equation. The Fanning friction factor is used with the Fanning pressure loss equation. The transmission factors are commonly used for gas flow. The results for the Darcy and Fanning equations are identical provided that the correct friction factor is used.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Pipeline Chemical Dose Rate   ±

Calculate single phase liquid pipeline, liquid chemical dose volume fraction, mass fraction, volume ratio, mass ratio, and average fluid density.

`Xv = (Vd) / (Vf) `
`Mv = (Md) / (Mf) `
`Rv = 1 : (Xl) / (Xd) = 1 : (1/(Xv) - 1) `
`Rm = 1 : (Ml) / (Md) = 1 : (1/(Xm) - 1) `
`Vf = Vd + Vl `
`Mf = Md + Ml `
`ρf = Xv. ρd + (1-Xv) ρl `

where :

Xv = dose volume fraction
Mv = dose mass fraction
Rv = dose volume ratio (1 : liquid volume / dose volume rounded)
Rm = dose mass ratio (1 : liquid mass / dose mass rounded)
Vf = total fluid volume
Vd = dose volume
Vl = liquid volume (before dosing)
Mf = total fluid mass
Md = dose mass
Ml = liquid mass (before dosing)
ρf = average fluid density (dosed)
ρd = dose chemical density
ρl = liquid density (before dosing)

The average fluid density includes the dosing chemical (combined undosed liquid and dose chemical). The volume of mixing is assumed to be equal to the sum of the individual volumes. The dose amount can be calculated from either the liquid volume (before dosing), or the total fluid volume. he dose rate can be calculated from either the liquid flowrate (before dosing), or the total fluid flowrate.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Pipeline Pressure Loss From The Moody Diagram   ±

Calculate pressure loss for single phase liquid pipelines and ducts using the Darcy Weisbach version of the Moody Diagram.

`fdl = 64/(Re) `
`1/(√fdo) = -2 log10(r/3.7 + 2.51 / (Re √(fdo))) `
`1/(√fdm) = -2 log10(r/3.7 + 2.825 / (Re √(fdm))) `

where :

fdl = Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow equation Darcy friction factor
fdo = original Colebrook White equation Darcy friction factor
fdm = modified Colebrook White equation Darcy friction factor
Re = Reynolds number
r = relative roughness

For low Reynolds numbers Re < 2000, the fluid flow is laminar and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using the Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow equation. For high Reynolds numbers Re > 4000, the fluid flow is turbulent and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using one of the turbulent flow equations. In the transition region 2000 < Re < 4000, the flow is unstable and the friction loss cannot be reliably calculated. The minor loss K factor is used to account for pipeline fittings such as bends, tees, valves etc..

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Pipeline Pressure Loss From The AGA Equation   ±

Calculate pressure loss for single phase liquid pipelines using the AGA equation.

`Tr = 4 log(3.7 / (rr)) `
`Ts = 4 log((Re) / (Ts)) - 0.6 `
`Tt = 4 Df log((Re) / (1.4125 Ts)) `
`Tf = min(Tr, Tt) `
`fd = (2 / (Tf))^2 `

where :

Tr = rough pipe transmission factor
Ts = smooth pipe transmission factor
Tt = turbulent pipe transmission factor
Tf= Fanning transmission factor
fd = Darcy friction factor
rr = pipe relative roughness
Re = Reynolds number
Df = AGA drag factor

The AGA equation is used to calculate the Fanning transmission factor using an iteration method. Check that the convergence is close to or equal to one. The pressure loss is calculated from the Darcy friction factor using the Darcy-Weisbach equation. For low Reynolds numbers Re < 2000, the fluid flow is laminar and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using the Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow equation. For high Reynolds numbers Re > 4000, the fluid flow is turbulent and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using the AGA equation. In the transition region 2000 < Re < 4000, the flow is unstable and the friction loss cannot be reliably calculated.

Pipe bends can be specified as either a bend angle, AGA bend index (degrees of bend per mile), or AGA drag factor. The drag factor is interpolated from the AGA table. The drag factor includes pipe roughness. Valves, tees and other pipe fittings should be included by adding a minor loss equivalent length to the pipeline length.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Water Pipeline Pressure Loss From The Hazen Williams Equation   ±

Calculate pressure loss for single phase liquid pipelines using the Hazen Williams equation. For SI units

`Q = 0.85 c.A.rh^0.63 s^0.54 `
`rh = ID/4 `

where :

Q = flow rate
A = cross section area
ID = inside diameter
rh = hydraulic radius
s = channel slope
c = Hazen Williams friction factor

The Hazen Williams equation was developed for water pipes. Pipe roughness is accounted for using the Hazen Williams friction factor. The hydraulic radius is the ratio of pipe cross section area over pipe circumference (r/2 = ID/4). Valves, tees and other pipe fittings should be included by adding a minor loss equivalent length to the pipeline length.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Water Open Channel Or Culvert Flow Rate From The Manning Equation   ±

Calculate flowrate in circular or rectangular water channels using the Manning equation.

`Q = A (rh^2)/3 s^(1/2) / n `
`rh = A/P `

where :

Q = flow rate
A = cross section area
P = wetted perimeter
rh = hydraulic radius
s = channel slope
n = Manning friction factor

The channel is assumed to be either open, or partly full and at ambient pressure. The head loss equals the change in elevation. Channel roughness is accounted for using the Manning friction factor. The hydraulic radius is the ratio of channel cross section area over the wetted perimeter. Valves, tees and other pipe fittings should be included by adding a minor loss equivalent length to the pipeline length.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Pipeline Vent   ±

Calculate single phase liquid flow rate through a constant diameter vent.

The vent entry is assumed to be a pressure vessel or piping at stagnation pressure (valid when the pipe or vessel diameter is much greater than the vent diameter). Vent flowrate is calculated from the vent pressure loss factor.

`fld = fL/D + K `

where :

fld = pressure loss factor
f = Darcy friction factor
L = pipe length
D = pipe inside diameter
K = sum of fitting friction factors

Minor losses should include the vent entry, vent exit, valves and bends etc. The discharge coefficient can be used to factor the flow rate, depending on the design requirements.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Rectangular Duct Pressure Loss   ±

Calculate single phase liquid flow in a rectangular duct.

The Moody diagram is valid for rectangular ducts provided that the Reynolds number is calculated from the hydraulic diameter (equal to four times the cross section area divided by the perimeter). The Darcy friction factor can be calculated from the Moody diagram using either the Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow equation, the original Colebrook White equation or the modified Colebrook White equation. The minor loss K factor is used to account for pipeline fittings such as bends, tees, valves etc.. Change flow coefficient units on the setup page (Av, Kv, or Cv).

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Pipeline Fluid Density Viscosity And Specific Gravity   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Pipeline Fluid Mass And Volume   ±

Calculate single phase liquid pipeline fluid mass and volume from fluid density and pipe length.

Pipe volume can be specified by volume, mass, or pipe length. Fluid density can be defined by density, specific gravity, degrees Baume, degrees Twaddell, or degrees API. For liquids lighter than or equal to water the density can be defined as degrees API, or degrees Baume (Be-). For liquids heavier than water the density can be defined by degrees Baume (Be+), or degrees Twaddell.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Pipeline Fluid Velocity And Flow Rate   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Pipeline Local Pressure   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Pipeline Unit Weight   ±

Calculate single phase liquid pipeline unit mass (mass per length), and unit weight (weight per length).

Pipe unit mass (mass per length) and pipe unit weight (weight per length) can be calculated for multi layer pipelines (dry empty, dry full, wet empty and wet full pipelines). The pipe diameter can be defined by either the outside diameter or the inside diameter. For multi layer pipelines, the first internal layer is the line pipe. The line pipe diameter and thickness are calculated from the pipe schedule. Change the number of layers on the setup page.

Use the Result Table option to display a table of pipe mass and weight versus wall thickness for the selected diameter.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : API RP 14E Maximum Erosional Velocity   ±

Calculate API RP 14E maximum allowable erosional velocity for platform piping systems.

The fluid density can be calculated for single phase gas, single phase liquid, two phase gas liquid, or three phase black oil (gas oil and water). The erosional velocity is calculated from the fluid density and the C Factor. Equation 2.14 in API RP 14E uses FPS units. The API RP 14E calculators have been factored to use SI units.

For fluids with no entrained solids a maximum C value of 100 for continuous service, or 125 for intermittent service can be used. For fluids treated with corrosion inhibitor, or for corrosion resistant materials a maximum C value of 150 to 200 may be used for continuous service, and upto 250 for intermittent service. For fluids with solids, the C value should be significantly reduced.

Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles over oil volume. Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions (eg SCF or SCM). Water cut is the volume ratio of water in liquid (oil and water).

Reference : API 14E Recommended Practice For Design and Installation of Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : API RP 14E Liquid Piping Pressure Loss Equation   ±

Calculate API RP 14E liquid piping pressure loss from the Moody diagram.

The pressure loss is calculated using the Darcy-Weisbach form of the Moody diagram. For low Reynolds numbers Re < 2000, the fluid flow is laminar and the Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow option should be used. In the transition region 2000 < Re < 4000, the flow is unstable and cannot be reliably calculated. For turbulent flow (Re > 4000), either the original Colebrook White equation or the modified Colebrook White equation can be used. Minor losses are used to account for pipeline fittings such as bends, tees, valves etc.

Reference : API 14E Recommended Practice For Design and Installation of Offshore Production Platform Piping Systems

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pipeline Flow Rate   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Compressible Flow Speed Of Sound   ±

Calculate gas and liquid speed of sound and Mach number.

The Mach number is the ratio of the flow velocity to the speed of sound. It applies to either a moving fluid or to a moving object passing through stationary fluid. For a Mach number greater than one, the flow is supersonic. For a Mach number less than one, the flow is subsonic.

For an ideal gas, the speed of sound or sonic velocity can be calculated from the gas temperature, gas specific heat ratio and the gas specific gravity. For liquids the speed of sound can be calculated from the liquid bulk modulus and the liquid density.

Reference : Fluid Mechanics, Frank M White, McGraw Hill

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : API 520 Liquid Pressure Relief Valve   ±

Calculate API 520 liquid pressure relief valve (PRV) and rupture disk size (certified and non certifed devices).

The flow through the relief valve nozzle is analysed using the Bernoulli equation. Friction losses are accounted for using the discharge coefficient Kd. For initial sizing of PRV's the effective nozzle diameter should be used with the discharge coefficient Kd = 0.65 for certified PRV's and Kd = 0.62 for non certified PRV's. The actual nozzle diameter and rated coefficient of discharge should be used to verify that the selected PRV is suitable for the required flow rate. The PRV effective diameter is taken from API 526 (letter designation D to T). Changes in phase are not accounted for.

The PRV calculation can also be used for rupture disks. The rupture disk diameter should be substituted for the nozzle diameter, with a discharge coefficient Kd = 0.62. Rupture disks can also be analysed as part of a relief vent system using the flow resistance method.

Reference : API 520 Sizing, Selection And Installation Of Pressure Relieving Devices (2014)

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : API 520 Darcy Friction Factor   ±

Calculate API 520 Darcy friction factor and pressure loss factor for single phase liquid and single phase gas.

The Darcy friction factor can be caclulated from either the Moody diagram or the Von Karman rough pipe equation (API 520 Annex E).

At high Reynolds numbers the Moody diagram friction factor is fully turbulent and is dependent on the pipe roughness only. The pressure loss factor (fLe/ID) includes minor losses. Minor losses can be entered as either a K factor, an equivalent added length, or an equivalent added length over diameter ratio.

Reference : API 520 Sizing, Selection And Installation Of Pressure Relieving Devices (2014)

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : API 520 Pressure Relief Vent   ±

Calculate API 520 flow rate through a constant diameter pressure relief vent.

The vent entry is assumed to be a pressure vessel or piping at stagnation pressure (valid when the pipe or vessel diameter is much greater than the vent diameter). The calculated vent exit pressure is flowing pressure (stagnation pressure minus dynamic pressure).

Vent pressure losses are calculated from the vent pressure loss factor (fld = fL/D + K). Minor losses should include the vent entry, valves and bends etc. The vent exit should not be included. The discharge coefficient can be used to factor the flow rate, depending on the design requirements.

For rupture disks, the flow resistance factor of the rupture Kr should be included in the minor losses (the resistance factor should be factored for the vent diameter). A discharge coefficient of 0.9 or less should be used for rupture disks. Alternatively, the PRV calculators can be used for rupture disk calculations.

Note : The ideal gas calculators use the ideal gas compressible flow equations. The API 520 gas and steam calculations use an approximation of the ideal gas compressible flow equations. Use the ideal gas calculators for a comparison with the API 520 calculators.

Reference : API 520 Sizing, Selection And Installation Of Pressure Relieving Devices (2014)

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : API 520 Back Pressure   ±

Calculate API 520 back pressure from mass flow rate through a constant diameter vent.

The calculated vent entry and exit pressures are flowing pressure (stagnation pressure minus dynamic pressure). Minor losses should include bends and valves etc. The vent entry and exit should not be included in the minor losses. The discharge coefficient can be used to factor the mass flow rate, depending on design requirements.

Where multiple pressure relieving devices share a common vent, the back pressure should be calculated for the total mass flow rate.

For relief vents with sections of increasing diameter, the back pressure should be calculated for each constant diameter section, going backwards from exit. The (flowing) exit pressure for each section equals the (flowing) inlet pressure for the previous section.

For pressure relief valves or rupture disks, the (flowing) inlet pressure for the vent is used as the (flowing) back pressure for the pressure relief device. This is valid provided that the vent diameter is greater than the diamter of the PRV nozzle or rupture disk.

Note : The ideal gas calculators use the ideal gas compressible flow equations. The API 520 gas and steam calculations use an approximation of the ideal gas compressible flow equations. Use the ideal gas calculators for a comparison with the API 520 calculators.

Reference : API 520 Sizing, Selection And Installation Of Pressure Relieving Devices (2014)

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Gas Phase To Liquid Phase Ratio   ±

Calculate gas phase to liquid phase ratios.

Gas to liquid ratios include the gas volume fraction, gas mass fraction, gas moles to liquid volume ratio (GOR), and gas mass to liquid volume ratio. Gas moles can be measured as gas volume at standard conditions (eg SCF or SCM).

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Delta Pressure Versus Flowrate Curve   ±

Calculate pump curve (pressure versus flowrate) for viscous and non viscous flow. Viscous flow is recommended if the kinematic viscosity is greater than 20 cSt.

The pump curve is calculated using a three term quadratic curve (ΔP = ΔPo - A Q - B Q^2) calculated from the shut-in delta pressure (zero flow), the maximum flowrate, and the best efficiency point (BEP).

Note : The delta stagnation pressure is required for the calculation. Some pump curves show delta static pressure (the pressure equals zero at maximum flow) instead of delta stagnation pressure (the pressure equals the dynamic pressure at maximum flow). Use the pump pressure and head conversion calculator to convert delta static pressure to delta stagnation pressure.

The pump flowrate, delta pressure, inside diameter and efficiency can be scaled for a geometrically similar pump using the affinity or similarity laws. For geometric similarity the pump inside diameter should be proportional to the impeller diameter. In practice the pump inside diameter is usually limited to pipe sizes (eg 10 inch, 12 inch etc). The impeller diameter is also normally limited to fixed sizes. It is often more practical to select an available pump inside diameter and impeller diameter, and vary the pump speed. Pump efficiency scaling is based on an empirical formula. Pump efficiency scaling should be combined with flowrate scaling. Pump efficiency varies with flowrate. Pump performance is normally measured using water (density is assumed to be 1000 kg/m^3).

PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Specific Speed   ±

Calculate pump specific speed from pump rotational speed, flowrate and delta pressure.

The pump specific speed is calculated at the best efficiency point (BEP), the point on the pump curve with the greatest efficiency.

`Ns = n Q^(1/2) (ρ/(ΔP))^(3/4) = n (Q^(1/2)) / (g.ΔH)^(3/4) `

where :

Ns = pump specific speed
n = pump rotational speed
Q = flow rate at BEP
ρ = fluid density
ΔP = delta pressure at BEP
ΔH = delta head at BEP
g = gravity constant
BEP = best efficiency point

The pump specific speed can be used to determine the type of pump which should be used (multi stage, centrifugal, mixed flow or axial). The pump size and speed can then be determined from the pump coefficients using the affinity or similarity laws. Usually, a known pump is scaled to operate at the BEP with the required design flow rate and delta pressure.

PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Affinity Or Similarity Law Scaling   ±

Calculate pump scaling from pump speed and impeller diameter using the affinity or similarity laws for pumps and combined pump and piping systems.

If the operating parameters of a pump are known (pump 1), the operating parameters for a geometrically similar pump (pump 2) which is operating with the same pump coefficients can be calculated from the pump speed and impeller diameter ratios using the affinity or similarity laws .

`(P2)/(P1) = (ρ2)/(ρ1) ((n2)/(n1))^2 ((d2)/(d1))^2 `
`(Q2)/(Q1) = (n2)/(n1) ((d2)/(d1))^3 `
`(1-E2)/(1-E1) = ((d1)/(d2))^(1/4) `

where :

P1 and P2 = the delta pressure (ΔP) for pump 1 and 2
Q1 and Q2 = the flowrate for pump 1 and 2
n1 and n2 = the rotation speed for pump 1 and 2
d1 and d2 = the impeller diameter for pump 1 and 2
ρ1 and ρ2 = the fluid density for pump 1 and 2
E1 and E2 = the pump efficiency at BEP for pump 1 and 2
BEP = Best Efficiency Point

For geometric similarity the pump inside diameter should be proportional to the impeller diameter. In practice the pump inside diameter is usually limited to standard pipe sizes (eg 10 inch, 12 inch etc). The impeller diameter is also normally limited to fixed sizes. It is therefore often more practical to select an appropriate pump inside diameter and impeller diameter, and vary the pump speed. Pump efficiency scaling is based on an empirical formula. Pump efficiency scaling should be combined with flowrate scaling. Pump efficiency varies with flowrate. Pump performance is normally measured using water (density is assumed to be 1000 kg/m^3).

For cases where the impeller size is varied (impeller trim) and the pump ID is constant, the flowrate can be calculated by:

`(Q2)/(Q1) = (n2)/(n1) (d2)/(d1) `

For cases where both the impeller diameter and the pump ID vary, but not in proportion, the flowrate can be calculated by:

`(Q2)/(Q1) = (n2)/(n1) (d2)/(d1) ( (ID2)/(ID1))^2 `

where :

ID1 and ID2 = the pump ID for pump 1 and 2

A known pump can be scaled to operate at the best efficiency point (BEP) with a required design flow rate and delta pressure using the affinity laws. The pump curve is calculated using a three term quadratic equation

`ΔP = ΔPo - A Q - B Q^2`

.

PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Cavitation And NPSH   ±

Calculate pump cavitation number (Ca), nett positive suction pressure (NPSP), and suction specific speed (Nss).

`Nss = n* Q*^1/2 (ρ/NPSP*)^3/4 `
`NPSP* = Ps + 1/2 ρ V^2 - Pv = Ps + Pd - Pv = Pg - Pv `
`Ca = (Ps - Pv) / Pd `

where :

Nss = pump suction specific speed at BEP `
`NPSP* = nett positive suction pressure at BEP `
`Ca = cavitation number `
`n* = pump rotational speed at BEP `
`Q* = flowrate at BEP `
`Ps = static pressure at inlet `
`Pg = stagnation pressure at inlet `
`Pd = dynamic pressure at inlet `
`Pv = vapour pressure `
`V = fluid velocity at inlet `
`ρ = fluid density

The pump suction specific speed and nett positive suction pressure are calculated at the best efficiency point (BEP), the point on the pump curve with the greatest efficiency. The pump suction specific speed, nett positive suction pressure and cavitation number can be used to determine the onset of cavitation. The minimum recommended values are dependent on the pump geometry and operating conditions, and should be obtained from the manufacturer.

PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Best Efficiency Point (BEP) Scaling   ±

Calculate pump speed, impeller diameter and inside diameter to operate a known pump at the design delta pressure and flowrate, and at the best efficiency point (BEP).

The reference pump specific speed can be calculated by:

`Ns = nr.Qr^(1/2) ((ρr)/(ΔPr))^(3/4) `

where :

Ns = reference pump specific speed at BEP
nr = reference pump rotational speed at BEP
Qr = reference flow rate at BEP
ρr = reference fluid density
ΔPr = reference delta pressure at BEP

The flowrate and delta pressure can be calculated from the pump specific speed, and design flowrate and delta pressure using the affinity or similarity laws. For geometric similarity the pump inside diameter should be proportional to the impeller diameter.

`np = (Ns) / (Qd^(1/2)) ((ΔPd) / (ρd))^(3/4) `
`dp = dr √((ΔPd) / (ΔPr) (ρr) / (ρd)) (nr) / (np) `
`Dp = ((dp) / (dr)) Dr `

where :

np = scaled pump rotational speed
dp = scaled impeller diameter
dr = reference impeller diameter
ρd = design fluid density
Qd = design flow rate
ΔPd = design delta pressure
ΔPr = reference delta pressure at BEP
Dp = scaled pump inside diameter
Dr = reference pump inside diameter

For this case the scaled pump matches the design delta pressure and flowrate at BEP. In practice the pump inside diameter is usually limited to pipe sizes (eg 10 inch, 12 inch etc). Similarly, the impeller diameter is also normally limited to fixed sizes. It is therefore often more practical to select an available pump inside diameter and impeller diameter, and vary the pump speed. This means that it is possible to match either the design delta pressure or the design flowrate, but not both. For example to calculate the pump speed to match the design flowrate at BEP:

`np = nr ((Qd) / (Qr)) ((dr) / (dp)) ((Dr) / (Dp))^2 `

To calculate the pump speed to match the design delta pressure at BEP:

`np = nr √( (ΔPd) / (ΔPr) (ρr) / (ρd) ((dr) / (dp))^2 ) `

Usually a pump speed is selected so that the scaled delta pressure and flowrate are greater than or equal to the design delta pressure and flowrate. Check that ΔPp-ΔPd and Qp-Qd are both greater than or equal to zero.

The design pump specific speed can be calculated from the design pump speed, delta pressure and flowrate, and can be used to determine the type of pump which should be used (multi stage, centrifugal, mixed flow or axial).

PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Hydraulic And Input Power   ±

Calculate pump hydraulic power and input power or motive power from flowrate and delta pressure.

`Wh = Q ΔP `
`Wi = (Wh) / E `

where :

Wh = hydraulic power
Wi = input power or motive power
Q = volume flowrate
ΔP = delta stagnation pressure
E = efficiency factor

The pump efficiency accounts for energy losses in the pump such as friction etc. The input power is the motive power required to drive the pump (the size of motor). To calculate the energy required (eg electrical energy) the efficiency factor should equal the pump efficiency times the motor efficiency.

`E = Ep.Ee `

where :

Ep = pump efficiency factor
Ee = electric motor efficiency factor

Pump efficiency varies with flowrate. The flowrate with maximum efficiency is referred to as the best efficiency point (BEP).

PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Flowrate Pressure And Power Coefficient   ±

Calculate pump flow coefficient (Cq), pressure coefficient (Cp), power coefficient (Cw) and pump specific speed from flowrate, delta pressure, pump speed and impeller diameter. The pump coefficients are calculated at the best efficiency point (BEP).

`Cq = Q / (n d^3) `
`Cp = (ΔP) / (ρ n^2 d^2) = (gΔH) / (n^2 d^2) `
`Cw = Cq. Cp = (Q ΔP) / (ρ n^3 d^5) `
`Ns = (Cq^(1/2)) / (Cp^(3/4)) = nQ^(1/2) (ΔP^(3/4)) / ρ `

where :

Cq = flowrate coefficient at BEP
Cp = pressure coefficient at BEP
Cw = power coefficient at BEP
Ns = pump specific speed at BEP
n = pump rotational speed at BEP
d = impeller diameter at BEP
Q = flow rate at BEP
ΔP = delta pressure at BEP
ΔH = delta head at BEP
ρ = fluid density
g = gravity constant

PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Liquid Vapour Pressure Viscosity And Density   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Viscosity Correction   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Design Speed   ±

Calculate pump variable frequency drive (VFD) speed to match pump design pressure and design flowrate for viscous and non viscous fluids.

The design pump speed is calculated using the affinity or similarity laws.

`(ΔP2)/(ΔP1) = (ρ2)/(ρ1) (n2)/(n1)^2 `
`(Q2)/(Q1) = (n2)/(n1) `

where :

ΔP1 and ΔP2 = the delta pressure for pump 1 and 2
Q1 and Q2 = the flowrate for pump 1 and 2
n1 and n2 = the rotation speed for pump 1 and 2
ρ1 and ρ2 = the fluid density for pump 1 and 2

The pump curve is calculated using a three term quadratic curve:

`ΔP = ΔPo (1 - A Q - B Q^2 ) `

where :

ΔPo = the shut in delta pressure
A and B are constants

The design pump speed can be calculated by solving the quadratic equation for the design delta pressure and flowrate. For fluids with a kinematic viscosity ν > 20 cSt, the viscous calculation is recommended.

PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump And Piping System Curve   ±

Calculate pump and piping combined system curve (pressure versus flowrate) for viscous and non viscous flow.

For a combined pump and piping system, the flowrate reaches an equilibrium so that the pump delta pressure equals the piping delta pressure. If the pump shutin delta pressure is less than or equal to the piping shutin delta pressure, the flowrate is zero.

The piping delta pressure is calculated from the change in elevation, and piping friction losses calculated from the Moody diagram. The inlet conditions can be calculated for either the liquid depth at the inlet in a tank or reservoir, or the stagnation pressure at the inlet. The outlet conditins can be calculated for either an exit to atmosphere, the liquid depth at the outlet in a tank or reservoir, or the stagnation pressure at the outlet.

Viscous flow is recommended if the kinematic viscosity is greater than 20 cSt. Pump performance is normally measured using water (density is assumed to be 1000 kg/m^3).

PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Delta Temperature   ±

Calculate pump power loss and temperature rise due to pump inefficiency.

The delta temperature across the pump can be calculated by:

`Wh = ΔP Q `
`Wi = (Wh) / E `
`Wp = Wi - Wh `
`ΔTp = (Wp) / (ρ.Q.cp) = (1/E-1 ) (ΔP Q) / (ρ.Q.cp) `

where :

Q = flowrate
ΔP = delta pressure
Wh = hydraulic power
Wi = pump input power
Wp = pump power lost to inefficiency
ΔTp = delta temperature across pump
ρ = fluid density
cp = fluid specific heat
E = pump efficiency factor

The hydraulic power is the energy added to the fluid by the pump. The input power is the power required to drive the pump, including pump inefficiencies. The power loss is equal to the difference between the input power and the hydraulic power. The pump efficiency 0 ≤ E ≤ 1.

For closed system piping where the entire pump power is lost as system friction losses, the system fluid temperature rise can be calculated by

`ΔTs = (Wi) / (ρ.Q.cp). `

where :

ΔTs = system delta temperature

PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Efficiency Curve   ±

Calculate pump efficiency curves for viscous and non viscous flow. Viscous flow is recommended if the kinematic viscosity is greater than 20 cSt.

The efficiency curve is calculated using a three term cubic equation calculated from the best efficiency point, and the maximum flowrate:

`E = A Q + B Q^2 + C Q^3 `

where :

Q = the flowrate
A, B and C are constants

The efficiency is assumed to be zero at shut-in. The maximum efficiency occurs at the best efficiency point.

PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Change Module :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Kinematic And Dynamic Viscosity   ±

Calculate dynamic viscosity and kinematic viscosity for single phase liquids.

Kinematic viscosity is equal to the dynamic viscosity divided by the density of the fluid. The specific gravity (SG) equals the fluid density divided by the density of water (1000 kg/m^3). For liquids lighter than or equal to water the density can be defined as degrees API, or degrees Baume (Be-). For liquids heavier than water the density can be defined by degrees Baume (Be+), or degrees Twaddell.

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Two Phase Gas Liquid Viscosity   ±

Calculate dynamic and kinematic viscosity for two phase gas liquids (gas and oil or gas and liquid).

Kinematic viscosity is equal to the dynamic viscosity divided by the density of the fluid. The viscosity of two phase fluids and mixtures can be calculated from the dynamic viscosity and the volume fraction. The gas oil ratio is the ratio of gas moles to oil volume. It is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters).

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Two Phase Liquid Water Cut Ratio   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Two Phase Gas Liquid Density   ±

Calculate fluid density for two phase fluid (oil and gas, or gas and water).

The gas oil ratio is the ratio of gas moles to oil volume. The gas mass fraction is the ratio of gas mass to total fluid mass. The gas volume fraction is the ratio of gas volume to total fluid volume. Gas volume is dependent on fluid temperature and pressure. Gas oil ratio is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters).

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Single Phase Liquid Specific Gravity   ±

Calculate liquid specific gravity for single phase liquid.

Liquid specific gravity is calculated relative to the density of water (1000 kg/m^3). Liquid density can also be defined as degrees API (liquids lighter than water), degrees Baume (liquids lighter than water or liquids heavier than water), or degrees Twaddell (liquids heavier than water).

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Fluid Dosing Rate And Density   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Two Phase Gas Liquid Heat Capacity   ±

Calculate two phase gas liquid heat capacity.

Fluid heat capacity can be calculated for single phase phase liqui. single phase gas, or combined liquid and gas. Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles over liquid volume. Gas moles are commonly measured by standard cubic feet (scf), and stand cubic meters (scm). Gas oil ratio is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters).

Change Module :

Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : Three Phase Gas Oil Water (Black Oil) Heat Capacity   ±

Calculate three phase gas oil water (black oil) heat capacity.

Black oil is a three phase mixture of oil, water and gas. Water cut is measured relative to the total liquid volume (gas volume is ignored). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is measured relative to the oil volume at standard conditions (water volume is ignored). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles over liquid volume. Gas moles are commonly measured by standard cubic feet (scf), and stand cubic meters (scm). Gas oil ratio is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters).

Change Module :

Related Modules :

DATA MODULE : Pipe Fitting And Valve ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
pipeng.com 2025 (522 μs : 24 ms : 0.984 MB) Pengu CMS ©