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CALCULATOR MODULE : Liquid Pipeline Pressure Loss From The Darcy Weisbach Equation ±
Calculate single phase liquid pipeline pressure loss using the Darcy Weisbach equation. `Po = P - (fd L / (ID) + K) 1/2 ρ V^2 + ρ g (zi - zo) ` where : Po = outlet pressure
P = inlet pressure
fd = Darcy friction factor
L = piping length
ID = piping inside diameter
K = total friction loss factor for fittings
ρ = fluid density
V = fluid velocity
g = gravity constant
zi = inlet elevation
zo = outlet elevation The Darcy friction factor can be calculated for - Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow equation
- original Colebrook White equation
- modified Colebrook White equation
- Prandtl Nikuradse smooth pipe equation
- Blasius smooth pipe equation
- Colebrook smooth pipe equation
- Miller smooth pipe equation
- Konakov smooth pipe equation
- Von Karman rough pipe equation
For low Reynolds numbers Re < 2000, the fluid flow is laminar and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using the Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow equation. For high Reynolds numbers Re > 4000, the fluid flow is turbulent and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using one of the turbulent flow equations. In the transition region 2000 < Re < 4000, the flow is unstable and the friction loss cannot be reliably calculated. The minor loss K factor is used to account for pipeline fittings such as bends, tees, valves etc.. The calculators use the Darcy-Weisbach pressure loss equation. The Fanning friction factor is used with the Fanning pressure loss equation. The transmission factors are commonly used for gas flow. The results for the Darcy and Fanning equations are identical provided that the correct friction factor is used. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Gas Pipeline Pressure Loss From The Darcy Weisbach Equation ±
Calculate single phase gas pipeline pressure loss using the Darcy Weisbach equation. `Po = √(P^2 - m^2(fd.L / D + K) ls (16mma.SG.ZRoT)/(pi^2D^4) ) / (es) `
`ss = (z2 - z2) SG.mma.g / (Ro T Z) `
`es = e^(ss) `
`ls = (es^2 - 1) / (ss) ` where : Po = outlet pressure
P = inlet pressure
fd = Darcy friction factor
L = piping length
D = piping inside diameter
K = total friction loss factor for fittings
m = gas mole flowrategas
mma = air molar mass
SG = gas specific gravity
Z = gas compressibility factor
Ro = universal gas constant
T = gas temperature
g = gravity constant
zi = inlet elevation
zo = outlet elevation
ss = elevation exponent
es = elevation pressure factor
ls = elevation length factor For low Reynolds numbers Re < 2000, the fluid flow is laminar and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using the Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow equation. For high Reynolds numbers Re > 4000, the fluid flow is turbulent and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using one of the turbulent flow equations. In the transition region 2000 < Re < 4000, the flow is unstable and the friction loss cannot be reliably calculated. The minor loss K factor is used to account for pipeline fittings such as bends, tees, valves etc.. The calculators use the Darcy-Weisbach pressure loss equation with the Darcy friction factor. The Fanning transmission factor combined with the Fanning equation is commonly used for gas flow. The results for the Darcy and Fanning equations are identical provided that the correct friction factor is used. The gas specific gravity is the ratio of gas density over the density of dry air at base temperature and pressure. The compressibility factor is assumed to equal 1 at the base conditions. The gas specific gravity is proportional to the gas molar mass. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Two Phase Gas Liquid Viscosity ±
Calculate dynamic and kinematic viscosity for two phase gas liquids (gas and oil or gas and liquid). Kinematic viscosity is equal to the dynamic viscosity divided by the density of the fluid. The viscosity of two phase fluids and mixtures can be calculated from the dynamic viscosity and the volume fraction. The gas oil ratio is the ratio of gas moles to oil volume. It is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters). Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Three Phase Gas Oil Water (Black Oil) Viscosity ±
Calculate dynamic and kinematic viscosity for three phase black oil (gas oil and water). Kinematic viscosity is equal to the dynamic viscosity divided by the density of the fluid. The viscosity of two phase fluids and mixtures can be calculated from the dynamic viscosity and the volume fraction. The gas oil ratio is the ratio of gas moles to oil volume. The gas mass fraction is the ratio of gas mass to total fluid mass. The gas volume fraction is the ratio of gas volume to total fluid volume. Water cut is the ratio of water volume over total liquid volume (equals the water volume fraction in the liquid). Gas volume is dependent on fluid temperature and pressure. Gas oil ratio is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters). Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Two Phase Fluid Gas Oil Ratio GOR ±
Calculate the gas oil ratio for two phase fluids (gas liquid or gas oil). The gas oil ratio is the ratio of gas moles to oil volume. It is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters). Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Two Phase Liquid Water Cut Ratio ±
Calculate the water cut ratio for two phase liquids (oil and water). Water cut is the ratio of water volume over total liquid volume (equals the water volume fraction in the liquid). Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Two Phase Gas Liquid Density ±
Calculate fluid density for two phase fluid (oil and gas, or gas and water). The gas oil ratio is the ratio of gas moles to oil volume. The gas mass fraction is the ratio of gas mass to total fluid mass. The gas volume fraction is the ratio of gas volume to total fluid volume. Gas volume is dependent on fluid temperature and pressure. Gas oil ratio is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters). Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Three Phase Gas Oil Water (Black Oil) Density ±
Calculate fluid density for three phase black oil (oil, water and gas). The gas oil ratio is the ratio of gas moles to oil volume. The gas mass fraction is the ratio of gas mass to total fluid mass. The gas volume fraction is the ratio of gas volume to total fluid volume. Water cut is the ratio of water volume over total liquid volume (equals the water volume fraction in the liquid). Gas volume is dependent on fluid temperature and pressure. Gas oil ratio is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters). Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Single Phase Liquid Specific Gravity ±
Calculate liquid specific gravity for single phase liquid. Liquid specific gravity is calculated relative to the density of water (1000 kg/m^3). Liquid density can also be defined as degrees API (liquids lighter than water), degrees Baume (liquids lighter than water or liquids heavier than water), or degrees Twaddell (liquids heavier than water). Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Fluid Dosing Rate And Density ±
Calculate fluid dose rate (volume rate or mass rate) and dosed fluid density. The fluid density, volume fraction and mass fraction includes the dosing fluid (combined undosed fluid and dose chemical). Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Single Phase Gas Density ±
Calculate gas density from temperature, pressure and specific gravity for single phase gas. Gas density is calculated using the ideal gas equations, with the compressibility factor Z. The gas specific gravity is approximately equal to the ratio of the gas molar mass over the molar mass of air (28.964 g/mol). Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Two Phase Gas Liquid Heat Capacity ±
Calculate two phase gas liquid heat capacity. Fluid heat capacity can be calculated for single phase phase liqui. single phase gas, or combined liquid and gas. Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles over liquid volume. Gas moles are commonly measured by standard cubic feet (scf), and stand cubic meters (scm). Gas oil ratio is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters). Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Three Phase Gas Oil Water (Black Oil) Heat Capacity ±
Calculate three phase gas oil water (black oil) heat capacity. Black oil is a three phase mixture of oil, water and gas. Water cut is measured relative to the total liquid volume (gas volume is ignored). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is measured relative to the oil volume at standard conditions (water volume is ignored). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles over liquid volume. Gas moles are commonly measured by standard cubic feet (scf), and stand cubic meters (scm). Gas oil ratio is often measured as gas standard volume (scf or scm) per oil volume (barrels, gallons, cubic feet or cubic meters). Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : IAPWS R7-97 Steam Volume And Mass Flow Rate ±
Calculate IAPWS R7-97 steam table properties, and steam power from temperature, pressure and mass flow rate. Steam table properties can be calculated for water and steam, saturated water, saturated steam, saturated water and steam, metastable water, and metastable steam. The enthalpy rate and internal energy rate (or power) are calculated from the mass flow rate. Note : There is an anomaly in the steam calculation for region 3 between the saturated vapour line, the region 2/3 boundary, and the critical pressure. Refer to the region 3 anomaly help page for more details (click the utility button on the data bar). IAPWS R7-97 is intended for industrial use, and is a simplified version of IAPWS R6-95 for scientific use. IAPWS R7-97 was developed as an improvement of the IFC-67 model. Reference : IAPWS R7-97 Industrial Formulation for thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : IAPWS R7-97 Fresh Water Density At Atmospheric Pressure ±
Calculate IAPWS R7-97 fresh water density from temperature at atmospheric pressure. The calculation is valid between the melting point (273.15 K), and the boiling point (373.15 K). Note : There is an anomaly in the steam calculation for region 3 between the saturated vapour line, the region 2/3 boundary, and the critical pressure. Refer to the region 3 anomaly help page for more details (click the utility button on the data bar). IAPWS R7-97 is intended for industrial use, and is a simplified version of IAPWS R6-95 for scientific use. IAPWS R7-97 was developed as an improvement of the IFC-67 model. Reference : IAPWS R7-97 Industrial Formulation for thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : TEOS-10 Seawater Density ±
Calculate TEOS-10 seawater density from temperature, pressure and practical salinity. The hydrostatic pressure used in TEOS-10 can be calculated from water depth or relative elevation. The water density is assumed constant. Changes in water density with water depth, salinity and temperature are ignored. Elevation is measured relative to an arbitrary datum (+ve up -ve down). Mean sea level (MSL) is often used as a datum. Reference : TEOS-10 Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater (2010) Change Module : Related Modules : |