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CALCULATOR MODULE : Beam Cross Section ±
Calculate beam cross section properties for circular pipes: cross section area, moment of inertia, polar moment of inertia, mass moment of inertia, section modulus, EI, EA, EAα, unit mass, total mass, unit weight and specific gravity. Unit mass can be calculated with or without added mass. Added mass is included in the unit mass for submerged beams to account for the fluid which is displaced by the beam. The added mass coefficient can be calculated in accordance with DNVGL RP F105. For multi layer pipes the bending stifness can be calculated with the concrete stiffness factor (CSF). The CSF accounts for the additional stiffness provided by the external concrete coating. Use the Result Table option to display the cross section properties versus wall thickness. Refer to the help pages for more details. Reference : Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Beam Cross Section Parallel Axis Theorem ±
Calculate beam moment of inertia using the parallel axis theorem. The moment of inertia about an offset can be calculated by `Ix = Il + Y AX^2 `
`Iy = Im + X AX^2 ::Hxy = Hlm + X Y AX^2 ` where : Ix = moment of inertia about X axis
Iy = moment of inertia about Y axis
Il = moment of inertia about L axis
Im = moment of inertia about M axis
Hxy = product of inertia about offset
Hlm = product of inertia about the centroid
X = offset length from Y axis to centroid
Y = offset length from X axis to centroid
AX = cross section area X and Y are perpendicular axes passing through the offset. L and M are perpendicular axes passing through the centroid and parallel to X and Y. The X and Y axes pass through the offset point. For principal axes the product of inertia equals zero. Axes which are an axis of symmetry are principal axes. If the moment of inertia for a principal axis is equal to the moment of inertia of any other axis, all moments of inertia through that point are equal. For rotated axes, the rotation is calculated relative to either the X axis or the L axis (anti clockwise is positive). Use the Result Plot option to plot the rotated moments of inertia and product of inertia versus the rotation angle. Reference : Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Circular And Semi Circular Beam Cross Section ±
Calculate beam cross section properties for circular beams, semi circular beams, circular beam segments, and circular beam sectors: cross section area, moment of inertia, polar moment of inertia, mass moment of inertia, plastic modulus, section modulus, shape factor, radius of gyration, EI, EA, EAα, unit mass, total mass, unit weight and specific gravity. A semi circular profile is half of a circle, with a flat base which passes through the center of the circle. For hollow sections, the internal and external sections are assumed concentric with constant wall thickness. A sector is a triangular slice to the center of a circle (like a slice of pie). Theta (θ) is the half angle of the sector or slice. For hollow sections, the internal and external sections are assumed concentric with constant wall thickness. A segment is a slice perpendicular to the radius of the circle. Theta (θ) is the half angle of the segment. Refer to the figures for more details. Reference : Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31G Pipe Corrosion Defect ±
Calculate ASME B31G piping level 0 corrosion defect assessment for blunt defects (corrosion defects or other defects). The level 0 assessment is useful as a screening check. The allowable defect length is calculated from the maximum defect depth. The calculation is taken from ASME B31G 1999 (original ASME B31G). The level 0 check is suitable for blunt defects of all types, including corrosion, mechanical damage and grinding repairs etc. For crack type defects the NG-18 crack defect calculators are recommended. The RSTRENG method (effective area method) can also be used for blunt type defects. The temperature derating calculation is from ASME B31.8. Material specific test data should be used if it is available. Defects failing the level 0 check should be checked with a level 1 or level 2 assessment (see module links below). Use the level 1 assessment for simple defects from defect length and depth using either the original ASME B31G equation, or the modified ASME B31G equation. Use the level 2 assessment for complex defects from the defect river bottom profile. Reference : ANSI/ASME B31G Manual For Determining The Remaining Strength Of Corroded Pipelines (2012) Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Water Open Channel Or Culvert Flow Rate From The Manning Equation ±
Calculate flowrate in circular or rectangular water channels using the Manning equation. `Q = A (rh^2)/3 s^(1/2) / n `
`rh = A/P ` where : Q = flow rate
A = cross section area
P = wetted perimeter
rh = hydraulic radius
s = channel slope
n = Manning friction factor The channel is assumed to be either open, or partly full and at ambient pressure. The head loss equals the change in elevation. Channel roughness is accounted for using the Manning friction factor. The hydraulic radius is the ratio of channel cross section area over the wetted perimeter. Valves, tees and other pipe fittings should be included by adding a minor loss equivalent length to the pipeline length. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Low Pressure Air Pressure Loss From The Moody Diagram ±
Calculate pressure loss for low pressure air circular and rectangular ducts using the Moody diagram. The calculators use the Darcy-Weisbach pressure loss equation. For low Reynolds numbers Re < 2000, the fluid flow is laminar and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using the Hagen-Poiseuille laminar flow equation. For high Reynolds numbers Re > 4000, the fluid flow is turbulent and the Darcy friction factor should be calculated using one of the turbulent flow equations. In the transition region 2000 < Re < 4000, the flow is unstable and the friction loss cannot be reliably calculated. Minor losses can be entered as either a K friction factor, a length, or length over diameter ratio. The minor losses are used to account for pipeline fittings such as bends, tees, valves etc.. :sg:For air the gas specific gravity SG = 1.0. For low pressure air the compressibility factor is assumed equal to one. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Maths Trigonometry ±
Calculate the maths trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec and cot), and the inverse trigonometric functions (asin, acos, atan, acosec, asec, and acot). The trigonometric fuctions are circular functions calculated for a right angle triangle with a hypotenuse equals 1 and angle θ. The base length of the triangle = cos(θ). The height of the triangle equals sin(θ). The slope of the hypotenuse equals tan(θ), equals sin(θ) / cos(θ). From Pythagorus' formula cos(θ)^2 + sin(θ)^2 = 1. The functions cosec (1/sin), sec (1/cos) and cot (1/tan) were mainly used for navigation. Change Module : |