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Interest Modules

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Maths Compound Interest   ±

Calculate compound interest for a fixed principal value, and for an initial principal value with additional contributions.

The principal is assumed to compound each period. The total number of periods equals the number of years times the number of periods per year. For monthly compounding interest the number of periods per year equals 12. For annual compounding interest the number of periods per year equals 1. The total number of contributions equals the number of periods.

For additional contributions, the first contribution is assumed to be made with the initial principal, with an additional payment at the beginning of each period. The final contribution is assumed to be made at the beginning of the final period.

Compound interest is also used to calculate annuity rates, mortgage payments, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR).

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Maths Annuity   ±

Calculate annuity payments, from the interest rate and the number of years for a fixed initial principal value.

Annuities are generally used as a form of income insurance, particularly after retirement. The annuity can be calculated either to reduce the principal value to zero at the end of the term, or to reduce the principal to a user defined value at the end of the term. The annuity payments are assumed to be constant for each period. The principal is assumed to compound each period (minus the annuity payments). The total number of periods equals the number of years times the number of periods per year. For monthly compounding interest the number of periods per year equals 12. For annual compounding interest the number of periods per year equals 1. The total number of annuity payments equals the number of periods. The first annuity payment is assumed to be made at the end of the first period, with additional annuity payments at the end of each period. The final payment is assumed to be made at the end of the final period.

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Maths Mortgage Payment   ±

Calculate mortgage payments, from the interest rate and the number of years for a fixed initial principal value.

Mortgages are generally used for the purchase of large fixed assets, such as a house or land. The mortgage can be calculated either to reduce the principal value to zero at the end of the term, zero interest with no reduction in principal, or to reduce the principal to a user defined value at the end of the term. The mortgage payments are assumed to be constant for each period. The principal is assumed to compound each period. The total number of periods equals the number of years times the number of periods per year. For monthly compounding interest the number of periods per year equals 12. For annual compounding interest the number of periods per year equals 1. The total number of mortgage payments equals the number of periods. The first mortgage payment is assumed to be made at the end of the first period, with additional mortgage payments at the end of each period. The final payment is assumed to be made at the end of the final period.

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Maths Nett Present Value NPV   ±

Calculate net present value from annual cash flow and compound interest rate.

Net present value is often used to evaluate the relative profitability of various business options. The option with the highest net present value is generally considered to be the best option from a financial perspective. The net present value is calculated by discounting future cash flows by the compounded interest rate, or value of money.

`NPV =Σ (Ci) / (1 + R)^i, i = 0 to n `

where :

Ci = yearly cash flow
R = interest rate or cost of money
NPV = net present value
i = the year

The interest rate is assumed to be constant.

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Maths Internal Rate of Return IRR   ±

Calculate internal rate of return from annual cash flow.

Internal rate of return can be used to evaluate the relative profitability of various business options. The option with the highest internal rate of return is generally considered to be the best option from a financial perspective. The internal rate of return is the interest rate where the net present value equals zero. The net present value is calculated by discounting future cash flows by the compounded internal rate of return.

`NPV = 0 = Σ (Ci) / (1 + IRR)^i, i = 0 to n `

where :

Ci = yearly cash flow
IRR = internal rate of return
NPV = net present value
i = the year

The internal rate of return IRR is assumed to be constant.

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