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Pipeline Branch Reinforcement Modules

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Branch Reinforcement   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping required branch reinforcement for welded and extruded branches.

The calculations are valid for right angle welded branches, angled welded branches ≥ 45 degrees, and right anngle extruded branches. Extruded branches must be used for high pressure piping. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Branch Reinforcement   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Branch Reinforcement   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Branch Reinforcement   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping branch reinforcement for welded and extruded branches. Refer to the figures for details (click the resources button on the data bar)

For welded branches the branch angle must be ≥ 45 degrees. The pad reinforcement area also includes any welds or saddles which are inside the reinforcement zone. The extruded branch calculation is valid for right angle branches only. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Branch Reinforcement   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping required branch reinforcement for welded and extruded branches.

The calculations are valid for right angle welded branches, angled welded branches ≥ 45 degrees, and right anngle extruded branches.

Use the pipe wall thickness calculators to calculate design stress, minimum thickness and Y factor for the header pipe and branch pipe (use the user defined wall thickness option). Use the allowable stress calculators to calculate the design stress for the reinforcement pad. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31 Stress Intensity Factor   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : AS 2885.1 Pipeline Branch Reinforcement   ±

Calculate AS 2885.1 pipeline welded branch reinforcement using the replacement area method.

Branch reinforcement can be provided by pipe excess thickness, and by welded pad reinforcement. The reinforcement must be inside the reinforcement zone. Pad reinforcement can include additional equivalent width to account for welds, provided that the equivalent width is inside the reinforcement zone. The header, branch and reinforcement material should have similar properties. The reinforcement areas are factored if the branch or pad reinforcement allowable stress is less than the header allowable stress.

Reference : Australian Standard AS 2885.1 : Pipelines - Gas And Liquid Petroleum Part 1 : Design And Construction (2015)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Piping Wye And Tee Minor Loss Factor   ±

Calculate typical pipe wye and tee minor loss factors (K, Cd, Cv*, Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv).

The minor loss factors can be calculated for converging and diverging wyes and tees, and for the run and the branch. The run is assumed to be constant diameter. The branch diameter should be smaller than or equal to the run diameter. The flow ratio should be 0 ≤ Qb/Qc ≤ 1. The flow ratio can be either the mass flowrate ratio, the volume flowrate ratio (for liquids), or the mole flowrate ratio (for gases).

Note : In some cases the friction factor K can be negative due to the acceleration of slow moving fluid to the velocity of the combined flow. The discharge coefficient and flow coefficients are invalid for negative friction factor K.

Minor loss factors are calculated for:

  • Av (SI) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per second fluid density 1 kilogram per cubic meter which gives a pressure drop of 1 Pa
  • Cv-uk (UK) flow coefficient - the flow in UK gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-us (US) flow coefficient - the flow in US gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-met (Metric) flow coefficient - the flow in liters per minute of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Kv (EU) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per hour of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Cv* the dimensionless US flow factor = Cv-us / din^2 (din is the inside diameter in inches)
  • K factor - the ratio of pressure loss over the dynamic pressure
  • Cd or discharge coefficient - the ratio of the actual flow rate of the fluid through the fitting over the frictionless flow rate.

The calculated values are typical. Manufacturers data should be used if it is available.

Reference : Crane Technical Paper 410M Metric Version : Flow Of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings And Pipe

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Related Modules :

CALCULATOR MODULE : DNVGL RP O501 Pipeline Tee Erosion Rate   ±
DATA MODULE : Pipe Fitting And Valve ( Open In Popup Workbook )   ±
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