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Pipeline Hoop Stress Modules

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping wall thickness from temperature for low pressure steel pipe (Table A-1), high pressure steel pipe (Table K-1), and plastic piping.

Allowable stress for steel pipe is calculated from Table A-1 and Table K-1 US values (US units govern). Change units on the setup page. Stress values can be extrapolated for temperatures above the data range (care is required when using extrapolated values). The wall thickness calculations are valid for internal overpressure only. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations.

Use the Data Plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window (Table A-1, or Table K-1). Use the Result Table option to display a table of wall thickness and allowable pressure versus material type (for the calculate wall thickness option the allowable pressure equals the design pressure. for the specified wall thickness option the wall thickness equals the specified wall thickness). Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables. Change units on the setup page. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Note : The choice of high pressure versus low pressure service is at the discretion of the owner (section FK300). The ASME B16.5 Class 2500 pressure temperature rating for the material group is often used as a criteria.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping hoop stress for low pressure steel pipe (Table A-1), high pressure steel pipe (Table K-1), and plastic piping.

The hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). For operation the hoop stress should be ≤ the design stress. For pressure tests, the hoop stress should be ≤ 100% of yield stress for hydrotest, or ≤ 90% of yield stress for pneumatic tests. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Note : The choice of high pressure versus low pressure service is at the discretion of the owner (section FK300). The ASME B16.5 Class 2500 pressure temperature rating for the material group is often used as a criteria.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping hydrotest and pneumatic leak test pressure and hoop stress check. The test pressure should be 1.5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, or 1.1 times the design pressure for pneumatic test. An allowance should be made for the pipe design temperature.

Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). Minimum wall thickness is recommended for new piping, or piping in as new condition. The pressure design wall thickness is recommended for corroded piping. The hoop stress should be ≤ 100% of yield for hydrotest, or ≤ 90% of yield for pneumatic tests. The test pressure should be ≤ 1.5 x the pressure rating for pressure rated components.

For piping systems with combined internal and external pressure during operation, the test pressure should be calculated from the internal pressure only. The hoop stress should be calculated from the pressure difference during testing. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Note : The choice of high pressure versus low pressure service is at the discretion of the owner (section FK300). The ASME B16.5 Class 2500 pressure temperature rating for the material group is often used as a criteria.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Bend   ±

Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping minimum thickness for formed bends, and allowable pressure for miter bends.

Minimum thickness of formed bends is calculated for the inside radius, the oputside radius, and the centerline radius. Bend thinning on the outside radius is estimated using the method from ASME B31.1. The estimated minimum bend thickness after thinning should be ≥ the required minimum bend thickness on the outside radius (extrados). Use the goal seek option to calculate the required straight pipe nominal wall thickness (before bending), for the minimum thickness on the outside radius (after bending).

The allowable pressure for miter bends is calculated from the nominal wall thickness. Use the goal seek option to calculate the required miter bend nominal wall thickness for the design pressure. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.4 oil and liquid pipeline wall thickness from hoop stress for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc) and stress table (API, ASM, DNV etc), and material. Wall thickness is calculated using Barlow's formula. For offshore pipelines either the pipe outside diameter or the mid wall diameter can be used to calculate wall thickness. The wall thickness should be checked for all elevations. Use the Result Plot option to plot required wall thickness versus elevation, or hoop stress versus elevation for user defined wall thickness.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquids And Slurries (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Hoop Stress   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.4 oil and liquid pipeline test pressure and hoop stress check for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc) and stress table (API, ASM, DNV etc), and material. Hoop stress is calculated using Barlow's formula. For offshore pipelines either the pipe outside diameter or the mid wall diameter can be used to calculate hoop stress. The test pressure and hoop stress should be checked for all elevations. Use the Result Plot option to plot the required test pressure versus elevation, or hoop stress verus elevation for user defined test pressure.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquids And Slurries (2012)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Ripple Defect   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline wall thickness from hoop stress for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc), and stress table (API, ASME or DNV), or use the user defined options. Pipe pressure can either be calculated from elevation, or user defined. For metal pipeline the pressure design thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance is ignored. The wall thickness should be checked for all pipeline elevations. A wall thickness should be specified which is greater than or equal to the maximum calculated wall thickness (usually by selecting the next highest schedule thickness). Use the Result Plot option to plot the calculated wall thickness versus elevation, and the hoop stress versus elevation for the specified wall thickness.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline hoop stress from wall thickness for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Pipe pressure can either be calculated from elevation, or user defined. Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc), and stress table (API, ASME or DNV), or use the user defined options. For metal pipeline the pressure design thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance is ignored.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline test pressure and hoop stress check for onshore and offshore pipelines.

Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc), and stress table (API, ASME or DNV), or use the user defined options. For metal pipeline the pressure design thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance is ignored. Pipe pressure can either be calculated from elevation, or user defined. The test pressure should be checked for all pipeline elevations. A test point test pressure should be specified which is greater than or equal to the maximum calculated test pressure (usually by rounding up the maximum test pressure). Use the Result Plot option to plot the test pressure versus elevation, and the hoop stress versus elevation for the specified test pressure.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Ripple And Dent Defect   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping wall thickness from the design temperature.

Wall thickness can be calculated from either the outside diameter (constant OD), or the inside diameter (constant ID).

The allowable stress (SE) is calculated from tables A-1 to A-9. For temperatures above the data range, select either constant value, constant slope, or zero value (engineering judgement is required). The weld factor W is relevant for temperatures in the creep range. For temperatures below the creep onset temperature W = 1. The ASME Y factor can either be calculated, or user defined. For thick wall pipe (D/tm < 6) Y is calculated from the diameter. For thin wall pipe Y is calculated from the temperature. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of wall thickness and allowable pressure versus material type (for the calculate wall thickness option the allowable pressure equals the design pressure. for the specified wall thickness option the wall thickness is constant). The calculations use SI standard units. Change input and output units on the setup page. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables (click the resources button on the data bar). Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping hoop stress for metal and plastic piping.

Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). The minimum wall thickness can be used for new pipe, or pipe in good condition. The pressure design wall thickness should be used for corroded pipe. The pipe diameter can be defined from either the outside diameter, or the inside diameter. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping hydrotest pressure and pneumatic leak test pressure for steel pipe and plastic piping.

The test pressure should be ≥ 1.5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, and ≥ 1.2 times the design pressure for pneumatic tests. The hoop stress during testing should be ≤ 90% of the yield stress. Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance).

For piping systems with combined internal and external pressure the test pressure should be calculated from the internal pressure. The hoop stress is calculated from the pressure difference during testing. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping wall thickness from internal pressure and design temperature .

Allowable stress is calculated from temperature using Table 502.3.1 (US values). Change units on the setup page. Stress values can be extrapolated for temperatures above the data range (care is required when using extrapolated values). The wall thickness calculations are valid for internal overpressure only. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations.

Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of wall thickness and allowable pressure versus material type (for the calculate wall thickness option the allowable pressure equals the design pressure. For the specified wall thickness option the wall thickness is constant). Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping hoop stress from internal pressure. Use the allowable stress calculators to calculate the allowable stress from the design temperature.

The hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). For operation the hoop stress should be ≤ the design stress. For pressure tests, the hoop stress should be ≤ 100% of yield stress for hydrotest, or ≤ 90% of yield strss for pneumatic tests. For combined internal and external pressure use the pressure difference in the calculations. Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping hydrotest and pneumatic leak test pressure and hoop stress check. Use the allowable stress calculators to calculate the yield stress from the design temperature.

The test pressure should be 1.5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, or 1.1 times the design pressure for pneumatic test. Hydrotest should be used for secondary cooling piping only. Hydrotest should not be used for refrigeration piping.

Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). Minimum wall thickness is recommended for new piping, or piping in as new condition. The pressure design wall thickness is recommended for corroded piping. The hoop stress should be ≤ 90% of yield for hydrotest or pneumatic tests.

For piping systems with combined internal and external pressure during operation, the test pressure should be calculated from the internal pressure only. The hoop stress should be calculated separately from the pressure difference during testing (use the hoop stress calculator). Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data.

Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : Pipeline Wall Thickness   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Pipeline Hoop Stress   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : Pipeline Test Pressure   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : DNVGL ST F101 Submarine Pipeline Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate DNVGL-ST-F101 submarine pipeline system test pressure and mill test pressure.

The system test pressure is calculated from the local incidental pressure. The required system test pressure and mill test pressure should be calculated for all points on the pipeline or pipeline section. Use the Result Plot option to plot the test pressure and hoop stress from minimum to maximum elevation.

Reference : DNVGL-ST-F101 : Submarine Pipeline Systems (Download from the DNVGL website)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : DNVGL ST F101 Submarine Pipeline Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate DNVGL-ST-F101 submarine pipeline hoop stress from local incidental pressure.

The local incidental pressure can either be calculated, or user defined. For temporary conditions the actual local pressure can be used (eg for system pressure test). External pressure should be calculated for the minimum local water depth (lowest astronomical tide minus storm surge). For temporary conditions storm surge can be ignored. For pressure containment use wall thickness t1. For other cases use wall thickness t2.

Reference : DNVGL-ST-F101 : Submarine Pipeline Systems (Download from the DNVGL website)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : API RP 1111 Pipeline Hoop Stress   ±
CALCULATOR MODULE : API RP 1111 Pipeline Combined Loading   ±

Calculate API RP 1111 limit state pipeline combined loading check.

For the external pressure check, the external pressure should be calcuated for the maximum water depth (highest astronomical tide plus storm surge). The internal pressure should be the maximum sustainable pressure (normally zero).

For the axial load check, the axial load can be calculated for either fully constrained pipeline, unconstrained pipeline, or user defined loads.

Reference : API RP 1111 : Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of Offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines (Limit State Design) (2011)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : AS 2885.1 Pipeline Wall Thickness   ±

Calculate AS 2885.1 pipeline wall thickness from hoop stress for dry and submerged pipelines.

Pipe wall thickness is governed by the maximum internal pressure for dry pipelines, or the maximum pressure difference for wet pipeline sections. For dry pipelines, the maximum internal pressure occurs at the lowest point on the pipeline or pipeline section. For wet oil and gas pipelines with internal fluid SG less than 1, the maximum pressure difference occurs at the highest submerged elevatin (eg the water surface). The required wall thickness should be calculated for each different section based on the primary and secondary location class. For each section, a wall thickness should be selected which is greater than or equal to the required wall thickness for the whole section.

Use the Result Plot option to plot either the calculated wall thickness versus elevation, or the hoop stress versus elevation for the selected wall thickness. Wall thickness is calculated using Barlow's formula. The fabrication allowance is required for pipes where the fabrication tolerance exceeds the relevant specification (for example some seamless pipe).

Reference : Australian Standard AS 2885.1 : Pipelines - Gas And Liquid Petroleum Part 1 : Design And Construction (2015)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : AS 2885.1 Pipeline Hoop Stress   ±

Calculate AS 2885.1 pipeline hoop stress from wall thickness and internal pressure.

Hoop stress is calculated using Barlow's formula. Hoop stress can be calculated for either the nominal wall thickness, the minimum wall thickness (nominal thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance and general allowance). The fabrication allowance is only required for pipes where the fabrication tolerance exceeds the relevant specification (for example some seamless pipe).

Reference : Australian Standard AS 2885.1 : Pipelines - Gas And Liquid Petroleum Part 1 : Design And Construction (2015)

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CALCULATOR MODULE : AS 2885.1 Pipeline Hydrotest Pressure   ±

Calculate AS 2885.1 pipeline test pressure and hoop stress check.

The required test pressure at the test point (the location where the test pressure is measured) is calculated from the local test pressure. The maximum test point pressure corresponds to the highest point on the pipeline. A test point pressure should be selected which is greater than or equal to the maximum calculated test point pressure, and the maximum hoop stress checked. For dry pipelines, the maximum hoop stress occurs at the lowest point on the pipeline. For wet pipeline sections, the maximum hoop stress occurs in the submerged section. Use the Result Plot option to plot the required test pressure versus elevation, or the hoop stress versus elevation for the selected test pressure. Hoop stress is calculated using Barlow's formula.

For the case where the local internal pressure is assumed to be equal to the maximum operating pressure at all points on the pipeline, use the user defined local pressure option, and set the internal pressure equal to the maximum operating pressure. This option is more onerous.

Note : A simplified check can be performed by calculating the maximum delta elevation from the maximum and minimum test pressure.

Reference : Australian Standard AS 2885.1 : Pipelines - Gas And Liquid Petroleum Part 1 : Design And Construction (2015)

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