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CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Hydrotest Pressure ±
Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping hydrotest and pneumatic leak test pressure and hoop stress check. The test pressure should be 1.5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, or 1.1 times the design pressure for pneumatic test. An allowance should be made for the pipe design temperature. Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). Minimum wall thickness is recommended for new piping, or piping in as new condition. The pressure design wall thickness is recommended for corroded piping. The hoop stress should be ≤ 100% of yield for hydrotest, or ≤ 90% of yield for pneumatic tests. The test pressure should be ≤ 1.5 x the pressure rating for pressure rated components. For piping systems with combined internal and external pressure during operation, the test pressure should be calculated from the internal pressure only. The hoop stress should be calculated from the pressure difference during testing. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up allowable stress data. Note : The choice of high pressure versus low pressure service is at the discretion of the owner (section FK300). The ASME B16.5 Class 2500 pressure temperature rating for the material group is often used as a criteria. Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018) Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.4 Liquid Pipeline Hydrotest Pressure ±
Calculate ASME B31.4 oil and liquid pipeline test pressure and hoop stress check for onshore and offshore pipelines. Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc) and stress table (API, ASM, DNV etc), and material. Hoop stress is calculated using Barlow's formula. For offshore pipelines either the pipe outside diameter or the mid wall diameter can be used to calculate hoop stress. The test pressure and hoop stress should be checked for all elevations. Use the Result Plot option to plot the required test pressure versus elevation, or hoop stress verus elevation for user defined test pressure. Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.4 : Pipeline Transportation Systems For Liquids And Slurries (2012) Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Hydrotest Pressure ±
Calculate ASME B31.8 gas pipeline test pressure and hoop stress check for onshore and offshore pipelines. Select the appropriate line pipe schedule (ASME or ISO etc), and stress table (API, ASME or DNV), or use the user defined options. For metal pipeline the pressure design thickness equals the nominal wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance. Fabrication tolerance is ignored. Pipe pressure can either be calculated from elevation, or user defined. The test pressure should be checked for all pipeline elevations. A test point test pressure should be specified which is greater than or equal to the maximum calculated test pressure (usually by rounding up the maximum test pressure). Use the Result Plot option to plot the test pressure versus elevation, and the hoop stress versus elevation for the specified test pressure. Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018) Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Hydrotest Pressure ±
Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping hydrotest pressure and pneumatic leak test pressure for steel pipe and plastic piping. The test pressure should be ≥ 1.5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, and ≥ 1.2 times the design pressure for pneumatic tests. The hoop stress during testing should be ≤ 90% of the yield stress. Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). For piping systems with combined internal and external pressure the test pressure should be calculated from the internal pressure. The hoop stress is calculated from the pressure difference during testing. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable stress data. Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014) Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping Hydrotest Pressure ±
Calculate ASME B31.5 refrigeration piping hydrotest and pneumatic leak test pressure and hoop stress check. Use the allowable stress calculators to calculate the yield stress from the design temperature. The test pressure should be 1.5 times the design pressure for hydrotest, or 1.1 times the design pressure for pneumatic test. Hydrotest should be used for secondary cooling piping only. Hydrotest should not be used for refrigeration piping. Hoop stress can be calculated for either the minimum wall thickness (nominal wall thickness minus fabrication allowance), or the pressure design wall thickness (minimum wall thickness minus the corrosion allowance). Minimum wall thickness is recommended for new piping, or piping in as new condition. The pressure design wall thickness is recommended for corroded piping. The hoop stress should be ≤ 90% of yield for hydrotest or pneumatic tests. For piping systems with combined internal and external pressure during operation, the test pressure should be calculated from the internal pressure only. The hoop stress should be calculated separately from the pressure difference during testing (use the hoop stress calculator). Use the workbook ASME B31.5 data tables to look up allowable stress data. Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.5 : Refrigeration Piping And Heat Transfer Components (2013) Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Pipeline Test Pressure ±
Calculate pipeline test pressure and hoop stress. Hoop stress is calculated using either Barlow's equation (suitable for thin wall pipes), the log equation (suitable for thick wall pipes), or Lame's equation (suitable for thick wall pipes). The design factor should include all relevant factors (eg quality factor E and stress factor F etc). The external pressure should be set to zero for dry pipelines. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : DNVGL ST F101 Submarine Pipeline Hydrotest Pressure ±
Calculate DNVGL-ST-F101 submarine pipeline system test pressure and mill test pressure. The system test pressure is calculated from the local incidental pressure. The required system test pressure and mill test pressure should be calculated for all points on the pipeline or pipeline section. Use the Result Plot option to plot the test pressure and hoop stress from minimum to maximum elevation. Reference : DNVGL-ST-F101 : Submarine Pipeline Systems (Download from the DNVGL website) Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : API RP 1111 Pipeline Test Pressure ±
Calculate API RP 1111 limit state pipeline test pressure and hoop stress check from local pressure and elevation. The test pressure and hoop stress check should be calculated for all points on the pipeline or pipeline section. The internal fluid density is assumed constant. Reference : API RP 1111 : Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of Offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines (Limit State Design) (2011) Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : AS 2885.1 Pipeline Hydrotest Pressure ±
Calculate AS 2885.1 pipeline test pressure and hoop stress check. The required test pressure at the test point (the location where the test pressure is measured) is calculated from the local test pressure. The maximum test point pressure corresponds to the highest point on the pipeline. A test point pressure should be selected which is greater than or equal to the maximum calculated test point pressure, and the maximum hoop stress checked. For dry pipelines, the maximum hoop stress occurs at the lowest point on the pipeline. For wet pipeline sections, the maximum hoop stress occurs in the submerged section. Use the Result Plot option to plot the required test pressure versus elevation, or the hoop stress versus elevation for the selected test pressure. Hoop stress is calculated using Barlow's formula. For the case where the local internal pressure is assumed to be equal to the maximum operating pressure at all points on the pipeline, use the user defined local pressure option, and set the internal pressure equal to the maximum operating pressure. This option is more onerous. Note : A simplified check can be performed by calculating the maximum delta elevation from the maximum and minimum test pressure. Reference : Australian Standard AS 2885.1 : Pipelines - Gas And Liquid Petroleum Part 1 : Design And Construction (2015) Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Bernoulli's Equation ±
Calculate gas and liquid pressure using the Bernoulli equation. The Bernoulli equation describes the conservation of energy in a static or moving fluid. For a frictionless fluid flow where no work is done by or to the system and the temperature is constant, energy is conserved. The Bernoulli equation can be expressed as conservation of energy, conservation of pressure or conservation of fluid head. The total pressure is referred to as the Bernoulli pressure (Pb) or the Energy Grade Line (EGL). `Pb = Ps + Pd + Pz `
`Pg = Ps + Pd `
`Ph = Ps + Pz ` where : Pb = Bernoulli pressure or total pressure or energy grade line (EGL) (= constant for frictionless flow)
Ps = static pressure
Pz = potential or pressure
Pd = dynamic pressure
Pg = stagnation pressure
Ph = hydraulic or piezometric pressure or hydraulic grade line (HGL) Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Bernoulli's Equation Hydraulic Grade Line ±
Calculate gas and liquid pipeline hydraulic pressure or hydraulic grade line (HGL) from data points using the Bernoulli equation. The hydraulic or piezometric pressure is calculated by `Ph = Ps + Pz ` where : Ps = static pressure
Pz = potential or pressure
Ph = hydraulic or piezometric pressure (HGL) For constant diameter pipelines, the friction pressure loss can be calculated from the difference in hydraulic pressure (changes in dynamic pressure are ignored). For gas pipelines, the changes in dynamic pressure are usually small compared to the other terms. Note : The pressure terms are calculated at the selected data point. The data point option is set to pipe inlet when the page loads. Click calculate to update the data point options to include all of the data points before you select the data point. Click calculate each time you change the position data (X) values, and before you select the data point. Data points can be entered as comma separated values (Xi, Zi, Pi) with each set on a new line, or copy and paste from a spreadsheet. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Water Hammer Transient Pressure ±
Calculate water hammer transient pressure and pressure wave velocity. Water hammer is caused by a sudden reduction of flow rate in liquid pipelines. Water hammer commonly occurs in water pipes, but it can occur in any liquid piping system. The transient pressure is reduced if gas is present in the liquid, or if the effective shut off time is greater than the maximum shut off time. The maximum shut off time is the time taken for the pressure transient to travel to the pipe inlet, and back again. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Transient Pressure Wave Velocity ±
Calculate water hammer transient pressure wave velocity. A sudden reduction of velocity in a liquid pipeline initiates a pressure wave which travels to the pipe inlet, and then back. The wave velocity increases with pipe stiffness. Any gas present in the liquid reduces the pressure wave velocity. The maximum shut off time is the time taken for the pressure transient to travel to the pipe inlet, and back again. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Pump Flowrate Pressure And Power Coefficient ±
Calculate pump flow coefficient (Cq), pressure coefficient (Cp), power coefficient (Cw) and pump specific speed from flowrate, delta pressure, pump speed and impeller diameter. The pump coefficients are calculated at the best efficiency point (BEP). `Cq = Q / (n d^3) `
`Cp = (ΔP) / (ρ n^2 d^2) = (gΔH) / (n^2 d^2) `
`Cw = Cq. Cp = (Q ΔP) / (ρ n^3 d^5) `
`Ns = (Cq^(1/2)) / (Cp^(3/4)) = nQ^(1/2) (ΔP^(3/4)) / ρ ` where : Cq = flowrate coefficient at BEP
Cp = pressure coefficient at BEP
Cw = power coefficient at BEP
Ns = pump specific speed at BEP
n = pump rotational speed at BEP
d = impeller diameter at BEP
Q = flow rate at BEP
ΔP = delta pressure at BEP
ΔH = delta head at BEP
ρ = fluid density
g = gravity constant PLEASE NOTE : The pump calculators are currently being updated. Apologies for any inconvenience. Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : TEOS-10 Seawater Density ±
Calculate TEOS-10 seawater density from temperature, pressure and practical salinity. The hydrostatic pressure used in TEOS-10 can be calculated from water depth or relative elevation. The water density is assumed constant. Changes in water density with water depth, salinity and temperature are ignored. Elevation is measured relative to an arbitrary datum (+ve up -ve down). Mean sea level (MSL) is often used as a datum. Reference : TEOS-10 Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater (2010) Change Module : Related Modules : |
DATA MODULE : Fluid Density And Specific Gravity ( Open In Popup Workbook ) ±
Fluid density and specific gravity data. For gases, the specific gravity is generally measured relative to air. For liquids, the specific gravity is generally measured relative to water. Related Modules : |
DATA MODULE : Fluid Dynamic And Kinematic Viscosity ( Open In Popup Workbook ) ±
Fluid dynamic and kinematic viscosity data. The kinematic viscosity is equal to the dynamic viscosity divided by the fluid density. Related Modules : |