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CALCULATOR MODULE : Beam Lateral Vibration Frequency With Axial Load ±
Calculate the damped and undamped beam natural vibration frequency for lateral vibration with axial load (simply supported, fixed, and cantilever beams). For beams with axial load the axis with minimum stiffness (I1 or I2) should be used unless the beam is constrained to deflect on an alternative axis (buckling normally occurs on the minimum stiffness axis). Use the general beam calculators for cases where vibration and buckling are not parallel. The buckling load can be calculated using either the Euler equation (suitable for long beams), or the Johnson equation (suitable for short beams). The buckling load is dependent on the end type, and is used for mode 1 vibration only. Added mass should be included for submerged or wet beams. The added mass coefficient can be calculated in accordance with DNVGL RP F105. The submerged natural frequency is calculated for still water conditions, with no vortex shedding. For beams on a soft foundation such as soil, use the effective length factor to allow for movement at the beam ends. For defined beam ends such as structures, the effective length factor should be set to one. For pipes the axial load is calculated from temperature and pressure. For general beams the axial load is user defined. The mode factor k is dependent on the mode number, and the beam end type. The k factors have been taken from the Shock and Vibration handbook. The damping factor should be set to zero for undamped vibration or set greater than zero and less than or equal to one for damped vibration. For multi layer pipes the bending stiffness can be calculated with the concrete stiffness factor (CSF). The CSF accounts for the additional stiffness provided by the external concrete coating. The concrete stiffness factor is calculated in accordance with DNVGL RP F105. Enter the wall thickness for all layers. Only enter the elastic modulus for layers which affect the pipe stiffness. Use the Result Table and Result Plot options to display tables and plots. Refer to the figures and help pages for more details about the tools. References : Shock And Vibration Handbook, Cyril M Harris, McGraw Hill
Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Beam Bending ±
Calculate beam bending shear force, bending moment, slope and deflection for general beams using the Euler Bernoulli beam equation. The Euler Bernoulli beam equation is suitable for slender beams (it does not include the effect of shear), and for small angles (θ < 0.5 rad). The calculations are not valid past the beam end points. For combined loads, the shear force, bending moment, slope and deflection are assumed to be additive. The beam end conditions are of the form left end - right end (for example Pin-Fix is left end pinned and right end fixed). All distances are measured from the left end of the beam. Beam end types include: free fixed (cantilever), guided fixed, pinned fixed, fixed fixed (built in or fixed), pinned pinned (simply supported), and guided pinned beam ends. Combined loads include axial loads, point loads, distributed loads, weight loads, concentrated moments, angular displacements, lateral displacements, and uniform temperature gradient. For beams with compressive axial loads the bending moment, slope and deflection tend to infinity as the axial load tends to the buckling load. For tension loads, the bending moment, slope and deflection decrease with increasing tension. The buckling load can be calculated using either the Euler equation (suitable for long beams), the Johnson equation (suitable for short beams), or the buckling load equation can be determined from the transition length. The effective length factor should be used for beams on a soft foundation such as soil, where the beam ends are poorly defined. For defined beam ends, such as structures, the effective length factor should be set to one (fe = 1). Use the Result Plot option to plot the bending moment, shear force, slope, deflection and stress versus position x. Refer to the figures and help pages for more details. Refer to the links below for other beam options. Reference : Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Pipe Beam Bending ±
Calculate beam bending shear force, bending moment, slope and deflection for pipe beams using the Euler Bernoulli beam equation. The Euler Bernoulli beam equation is suitable for slender beams (it does not include the effect of shear), and for small angles (θ < 0.5 rad). The calculations are not valid past the beam end points. For combined loads, the shear force, bending moment, slope and deflection are assumed to be additive. The beam end conditions are of the form left end - right end (for example Pin-Fix is left end pinned and right end fixed). All distances are measured from the left end of the beam. Beam end types include: free fixed (cantilever), guided fixed, pinned fixed, fixed fixed (built in or fixed), pinned pinned (simply supported), and guided pinned beam ends. Combined loads include axial loads, point loads, distributed loads, weight loads, concentrated moments, angular displacements, lateral displacements, and uniform temperature gradient. For beams with compressive axial loads the bending moment, slope and deflection tend to infinity as the axial load tends to the buckling load. For tension loads, the bending moment, slope and deflection decrease with increasing tension. The buckling load can be calculated using either the Euler equation (suitable for long beams), the Johnson equation (suitable for short beams), or the buckling load equation can be determined from the transition length. The effective length factor should be used for beams on a soft foundation such as soil, where the beam ends are poorly defined. For defined beam ends, such as structures, the effective length factor should be set to one (fe = 1). For multi layer beams the concrete stiffness can be included in EI by multiplying EI by a factor (1 + CSF). The bending stress at the field joint should also be multiplied by the factor (1 + CSF) to account for stress localisation (select the pipe joint option for bending stiffness) . The concrete stiffness factor is calculated from the ratio of concrete EI over beam EI in accordance with DNVGL RP F105. The method is suitable for circular beams and pipes. For other profile shapes engineering judgement is required. The stress check includes longitudinal stress, Tresca combined stress, and von Mises equivalent stress. The bending stress is calculated at the pipe mid wall. The hoop stress is calculated using the Barlow mid wall equation with the nominal wall thickness. : `Sh = (P - Pe) (OD - tn) / (2 tn) ` where : Sh = hoop stress
P = internal pressure
Pe = external pressure
OD = pipe outside diameter
tn = pipe nominal thickness Use the Result Plot option to plot the bending moment, shear force, slope, deflection and stress versus position x. Refer to the figures and help pages for more details. Reference : Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Beam Buckling Load ±
Calculate beam buckling load for general beams (user defined stiffness EI). Beam end types include: free fixed (cantilever), guided fixed, pinned fixed, fixed fixed (built in or fixed), pinned pinned (simply supported), and guided pinned beam ends. The beam end conditions are of the form left end - right end (for example Pin-Fix is left end pinned and right end fixed). The buckling load can be calculated using either the Euler equation (suitable for long beams), the Johnson equation (suitable for short beams), or the buckling load equation can be determined from the transition length. The buckling load is positive. The axial load is negative in compression. Buckling will generally occur about the axis with the lowest EI, depending on constraints. The effective length factor should be used for beams on a soft foundation such as soil, where the beam ends are poorly defined. For defined beam ends, such as structures, the effective length factor should be set to one (fe = 1). Use the Result Plot option to plot the buckling load versus nominal length. Use the Result Table option to plot the buckling load versus end type. Refer to the figures and help pages for more details. Refer to the links below for other beam options. Reference : Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Pipe Beam Buckling Load ±
Calculate beam buckling load for pipe beams. Beam end types include: free fixed (cantilever), guided fixed, pinned fixed, fixed fixed (built in or fixed), pinned pinned (simply supported), and guided pinned beam ends. The beam end conditions are of the form left end - right end (for example Pin-Fix is left end pinned and right end fixed). The buckling load can be calculated using either the Euler equation (suitable for long beams), the Johnson equation (suitable for short beams), or the buckling load equation can be determined from the transition length. The buckling load is positive. The axial load is negative in compression. Buckling will generally occur about the axis with the lowest EI, depending on constraints. The effective length factor should be used for beams on a soft foundation such as soil, where the beam ends are poorly defined. For defined beam ends, such as structures, the effective length factor should be set to one (fe = 1). Concrete stiffness can be included in EI by multiplying EI by a factor (1 + CSF). The concrete stiffness factor is calculated from the ratio of concrete EI over beam EI in accordance with DNVGL RP F105. The method is suitable for circular beams and pipes. For other profile shapes engineering judgement is required. Use the Result Plot option to plot the buckling load versus nominal length. Use the Result Table option to plot the buckling load versus end type. Refer to the figures and help pages for more details. Reference : Roark's Formulas For Stress And Strain, Warren C Young, McGraw Hill Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Allowable Bolt Load And Bolt Stress ±
Calculate ASME B31.3 process piping bolt design load and design stress from temperature (ASME B31.3 Table A-2). Stress values are interpolated from the US data tables (US units govern). Bolt load is calculated from the design stress and the tensile area for either ANSI threads or ISO threads. For temperatures below the data range, the stress value is constant (fracture toughness should also be considered for low temperature operation). For temperatures above the data range the stress values can either be constant value from the end point, constant slope from the end point, or zero from the end point. Engineering judgement is required to use extrapolated values above the data range. Use the Data Plot option to plot the design stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table (Table A-2). Use the Result Table option to display a table of design stress and design load versus either material type or bolt diameter. Refer to the help pages for notes on the data tables. Use the workbook ASME B31.3 data tables to look up bolt allowable stress data. Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping (2018) Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Fluid Velocity And Flow Rate ±
Calculate ASME ASME B31.8 gas pipeline fluid velocity and flow rate for two phase gas liquid piping, and three phase black oil piping (gas water and oil). The two phase fluid calculator can be used for single phase gas, single phase liquid, or two phase gas and liquid. The three phase black oil calculator can be used for single phase oil, single phase water, two phase oil and water, and three phase oil, water and gas. Water cut is the volume fraction of water in the liquid phase (ignoring the gas phase). Gas oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of gas moles to liquid volume (ignoring the water phase). Gas moles are commonly measured as gas volume at standard conditions, eg SCM (Standard Conditions Meter) or SCF (Standard Conditions Feet). Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.8 : Gas Transmission And Distribution Piping Systems (2018) Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Allowable Bolt Load And Bolt Stress ±
Calculate ASME B31.1 power piping allowable bolt load and bolt stress from temperature (US units). Allowable bolt stress is calculated from tables A-10. Bolt tensile area can be calculated for either ANSI threads, or ISO threads. Use the data plot option to plot the allowable stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window (ASME B31.1 Table A-10). Use the Result Table option to display a table of allowable stress and allowable load versus material type. Use the workbook ASME B31.1 data tables to look up allowable bolt stress data. Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping (2014) Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Pipeline Axial Load ±
Calculate pipeline global (or external) axial load, and pipe wall axial load from temperature and pressure. Fully restrained axial load is due to the difference between installation temperature and pressure, and the operating temperature and pressure, and including residual installation loads. External pressure is assumed constant. Unrestrained load is due to the pipe end cap pressure force. The axial load is calculated using the thick wall formula (API RP 1111 and DNV OS F101). For onshore and offshore pipelines the internal pressure is assumed zero during installation, and the external pressure is assumed constant for installation and operation. For piping the internal and external pressure are assumed zero during installation. The design factor should include all relevant factors (eg quality factor E and stress factor F etc). Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : DNVGL ST F101 Submarine Pipeline Local Buckling ±
Calculate DNVGL-ST-F101 submarine pipeline local buckling checks for combined loading. The load controlled calculators should only be used for elastic deformation (check that the equivalent stress is less than the yield stress). The displacement controlled calculators can be used for compressive elastic and plastic deformation. Elastic strains are calculated using the elastic modulus, and should not be used in the plastic range. Plastic strains should be calculated using finite element analysis (FEA). Use the allowable stress design (ASD) calculators for displacement controlled loads which include torsion. Reference : DNVGL-ST-F101 : Submarine Pipeline Systems (Download from the DNVGL website) Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : DNVGL ST F101 Submarine Pipeline Axial Load ±
Calculate DNVGL-ST-F101 submarine pipeline axial load from temperature and pressure. The axial load calculations are valid in the elastic range only (check that the equivalent stress is less than the yield stress). The calculators include a combined load controlled check, displacement controlled check, allowable stress design check (ASD), and an equivalent stress check (von Mises). Reference : DNVGL-ST-F101 : Submarine Pipeline Systems (Download from the DNVGL website) Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : DNVGL ST F101 Submarine Pipeline Design Load Effect ±
Calculate DNVGL-ST-F101 submarine pipeline design load effect. The design load effect can be calculated for ultimate limit state (ULS), fatigue limit state (FLS), and accident limit state (ALS). The ULS type a check is only required for system loads. Reference : DNVGL-ST-F101 : Submarine Pipeline Systems (Download from the DNVGL website) Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : DNVGL ST F101 Submarine Pipeline Expansion Spool ±
Calculate DNVGL-ST-F101 submarine expansion spool local buckling and fatigue check. The expansion spool is modelled as a simple beam with fixed ends, with a uniform distributed load due to friction and a lateral displacement at one end due to expansion. Pipe cross section properties are calculated for a single pipe layer with no coatings. For pipes with internal liner or external coatings use the user defined cross section properties option. Reference : DNVGL-ST-F101 : Submarine Pipeline Systems (Download from the DNVGL website) Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Hot Pipeline Soil Friction ±
Calculate high temperature pipeline soil friction force, friction factos, friction angle and earth pressure coefficient. Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Hot Pipeline Euler Buckling Or Bar Buckling ±
Calculate high temperature pipeline Euler buckling or bar buckling load. Pipe end types include: free fixed (cantilever), guided fixed, pinned fixed, fixed fixed (built in or fixed), pinned pinned (simply supported), and guided pinned pipe ends. The pipe end conditions are of the form left end - right end (for example Pin-Fix is left end pinned and right end fixed). The buckling load can be calculated using either the Euler equation (suitable for long beams), the Johnson equation (suitable for short beams), or the buckling load equation can be determined from the transition length. The buckling load is positive. The axial load is negative in compression. Buckling will generally occur about the axis with the lowest EI, depending on constraints. The effective length factor should be used for beams on a soft foundation such as soil, where the pipe ends are poorly defined. For defined pipe ends, such as structures, the effective length factor should be set to one (fe = 1). Concrete stiffness can be included in EI by multiplying EI by a factor (1 + CSF). The concrete stiffness factor is calculated from the ratio of concrete EI over pipe EI in accordance with DNVGL RP F105. Use the Result Plot option to plot the buckling load versus nominal length. Use the Result Table option to display the buckling load versus end type. Refer to the figures and help pages for more details. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : API RP 1111 Pipeline Axial Load ±
Calculate API RP 1111 limit state pipeline axial load from pressure and temperature. The axial load is calculated using the thick wall equation. The axial load calculation is valid in the elastic range only. Reference : API RP 1111 : Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of Offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines (Limit State Design) (2011) Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : API RP 1111 Pipeline Combined Loading ±
Calculate API RP 1111 limit state pipeline combined loading check. For the external pressure check, the external pressure should be calcuated for the maximum water depth (highest astronomical tide plus storm surge). The internal pressure should be the maximum sustainable pressure (normally zero). For the axial load check, the axial load can be calculated for either fully constrained pipeline, unconstrained pipeline, or user defined loads. Reference : API RP 1111 : Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of Offshore Hydrocarbon Pipelines (Limit State Design) (2011) Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31 Stress Intensity Factor ±
Calculate ASME B31 stress factors - flexibility factor k
- in plane stress intensification factor ii
- out of plane stress intensification factor io
- flexibility characteristic h
- stress range factor f
- allowable cyclic stress
Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.1 Power Piping Flexibility And Stress Factor ±
Calculate ASME B31.1 flexibility - stress intensity factors
- allowable cyclic stress
- stress range factor
- sustained load
- occasional load
- displacement stress
Refer to the figures for symbols. Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.1 : Power Piping Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B31.3 Process Piping Flexibility And Stress Factor ±
Calculate ASME B31.3 flexibility - stress intensity factors
- allowable cyclic stress
- stress range factor
- longitudinal stress
- expansion stress
Refer to the figures for symbols. Reference : ANSI/ASME B31.3 : Process Piping Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : DNVGL RP-F101 Single Corrosion Defect ±
Calculate DNVGL RP F101 allowable pressure for single corrosion defects. Allowable pressure can be calculated for pressure load only for single longitudinal defects. For circumferential defects, or defects with compressive axial load use the combined pressure and compression load calculator. For circumferential defects the defect width is greater than the defect length. The allowable pressure can be calculated using either the calibrated safety factor (CSF) in section 3, or allowable stress design (ASD) in section 4. The system effect factor accounts for the measurement uncertainty when there are multiple defects of a similar size. Reference : DNVGL-RP-F101 : Corroded Pipelines (Download from the DNVGL website) Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : DNVGL RP F101 Pipeline Longitudinal Stress ±
Calculate DNVGL RP F101 pipeline longitudinal stress from axial stress and bending stress. The longitudinal stress is calculated from the nominal diameter and wall thickness. The axial stress can either be calculated from the pipeline temperature and pressure, or user defined. Reference : DNVGL-RP-F101 : Corroded Pipelines (Download from the DNVGL website) Change Module : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Bolt Stress From Bolt Load ±
Calculate bolt tensile stress from bolt load. Select the bolt schedule (UNC, UNF, BSW or ISO), bolt diameter and thread, tensile area type (ANSI threads or ISO threads), and bolt material type (SAE, ISO or ASME). Bolt stress is calculated from the bolt load divided by the tensile stress area. The bolt is assumed to be in tension. The design stress is calculated from the yield stress or proof stress (SMYS). Use the Result Table option to display a table of bolt stress versus either bolt size or bolt material. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Bolt Tensile Area ±
Calculate bolt tensile area and design load from the bolt diameter and design stress. Bolt tensile area can be calculated for either ANSI threads or ISO threads. Bolt size can be calculated for either UNC, UNF, BSW or ISO bolts. The design stress can be calculated for either SAE, ISO or ASME bolt materials. The allowable bolt load is calculated from the design stress multiplied by the tensile area. Use the Result Table option to display a table of tensile area and design load versus either bolt size or bolt material. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Bolt Design Load ±
Calculate bolt design stress and design load from bolt diameter and yield stress or proof stress. Bolt load is calculated from the design stress (SAE, ISO or ASME), bolt size (UNC, UNF, BSW or ISO) and the tensile area (ANSI or ISO threads). Use the Result Table option to display a table of design stress and design load versus either bolt size or bolt material. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Bolt Design Stress And Design Load From Temperature ±
Calculate bolt design load and design stress from temperature and bolt diameter. The design stress calculations are taken from ASME B31.31.3 process piping, and ASME B31.1 power piping. The bolt tensile area is calculated for either ANSI threads or ISO threads. Bolt size can be calculated for either UNC, UNF, BSW or ISO threads. Use the Result Plot option to display a plot of design stress versus temperature for the selected material. Use the Data Table option to display the data table in the popup window. Use the Result Table option to display a table of bolt design load versus either bolt size or bolt material. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Flange Bolt Tensile Load ±
Calculate flange bolt load, bolt stress and flange pressure. The bolt load, bolt stress and flange pressure can be calculated from either the bolt design stress, a user defined bolt stress, a user defined bolt load, or a user defined flange pressure. The flange pressure is calculated with no gasket preload, or external loads such as bending moment. The bolt load equals the bolt stress times the tensile area. Tensile area is calculated for either ANSI or ISO threads. Bolt size can be calculated for either UNC, UNF, BSW or ISO bolts. The design stress can be calculated for either SAE, ISO or ASME bolt materials. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : Bolt Torque From Bolt Load ±
Calculate bolt torque from bolt load and thread pitch. The bolt pitch diameter can be calculated from the bolt diameter and the bolt pitch. The mean radius of the nut face can be taken as the middle diameter between the bolt diameter and the nut width across the flats. The flank angle is equal to half of the thread pitch angle. The friction factor is assumed to be the same for both the bolt thread and the nut face contact. Bolt stress is equal to the bolt load divided by the tensile area. Bolt tensile area can be calculated for either ANSI threads or ISO threads. Bolt size can be calculated for either UNC, UNF, BSW or ISO bolts. The design stress can be calculated for either SAE, ISO or ASME bolt materials. Change Module : Related Modules : |
CALCULATOR MODULE : ASME B16.5 Pipe Flange Bolt Load ±
Calculate ASME B16.5 pipe flange bolt load, bolt stress and flange pressure. Select a suitable bolt diameter and material type. The bolt load, bolt stress and flange pressure can be calculated from either the bolt design stress, a user defined bolt stress, a user defined bolt load, or a user defined flange pressure. The flange pressure is calculated with no gasket preload, or external loads such as bending moment. The bolt load equals the bolt stress times the tensile area. Tensile area is calculated for either ANSI or ISO threads. The gasket outside diameter can either be taken as the flange hub diameter, or be user defined. Reference : ANSI/ASME B16.5 : Pipe Flanges And Flanged Fittings (2017) Change Module : Related Modules : |
DATA MODULE : Flange Bolt ( Open In Popup Workbook ) ±
Bolt dimension and stress data: ISO, SAE etc. Related Modules : |