Calculate DNVGL-ST-F101 submarine pipeline local buckling checks for combined loading.
The load controlled calculators should only be used for elastic deformation (check that the equivalent stress is less than the yield stress).
The displacement controlled calculators can be used for compressive elastic and plastic deformation. Elastic strains are calculated using the elastic modulus, and should not be used in the plastic range. Plastic strains should be calculated using finite element analysis (FEA). Use the allowable stress design (ASD) calculators for displacement controlled loads which include torsion.
Reference : DNVGL-ST-F101 : Submarine Pipeline Systems (Download from the DNVGL website)