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Piping Fitting Minor Loss Factor

Calculate pipe fitting minor loss factors.

Minor loss factors can be defined as:

  • Av (SI) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per second fluid density 1 kilogram per cubic meter which gives a pressure drop of 1 Pa
  • Cv-uk (UK) flow coefficient - the flow in UK gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-us (US) flow coefficient - the flow in US gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
  • Cv-met (Metric) flow coefficient - the flow in liters per minute of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Kv (EU) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per hour of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
  • Cv* the dimensionless US flow factor = Cv-us / din^2 (din is the inside diameter in inches)
  • K factor - the ratio of pressure loss over the dynamic pressure
  • Cd or discharge coefficient - the ratio of the actual flow rate of the fluid through the fitting over the frictionless flow rate.

The K factor and discharge coefficient are dimensionless and can be used with any consistent set of units. The dimensionless flow coefficient has inconsistent units, and is unit specific. The flow coefficient Av, Cv-us, Cv-uk, Cv-met and Kv have dimensions length squared, and can not be used interchangeably between different systems of units.

Note : The friction factor K, discharge coefficient Cd, dimensionless flow coefficient Cv*, and flow coefficients Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv are used in different situations. The discharge coefficient is usually used for discharge through an orifice, but can also be used in other situations (for example pressure relief valves). The flow coefficients Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv, and the dimensionless flow coefficient Cv* are usually used for valves, but can also be used for other fittings. Engineering judgement is required to determine the correct minor loss factor to use.

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CALCULATOR : Pipe Reducer And Enlarger Typical Minor Loss Factor [FREE]   ±

Calculate typical gas and liquid pipe fitting friction factor and flow coefficients for converging or diverging circular nozzles.

The flow factors are applicable for liquid flow, and low velocity gas flow. At high gas velocity compressible gas behaviour affects the flowrate. The friction factor K and discharge coefficient are calculated for both the small diameter, and the large diameter. The nozzle can be either tapered with a transition, or abrupt with no transition. The taper angle is equal to half the cone angle.

Note : The calculated values are typical. Manufacturers data should be used if it is available.

Reference : Crane Technical Paper 410M Metric Version : Flow Of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings And Pipe

Tool Input

  • schdtypea : Pipe Schedule A Type
  • diamtypea : Diameter A Type
    • ODau : User Defined Outside Diameter A
    • IDau : User Defined Inside Diameter A
  • wtntypea : Wall Thickness A Type
    • tnau : User Defined Wall Thickness A
  • schdtypeb : Pipe Schedule B Type
  • diamtypeb : Diameter B Type
    • ODbu : User Defined Outside Diameter B
    • IDbu : User Defined Inside Diameter B
  • wtntypeb : Wall Thickness B Type
    • tnbu : User Defined Wall Thickness B
  • angtype : Transition Type
    • Θu : User Defined Transition Cone Angle
    • Ltu : User Defined Transition Length
  • flowtype : Fluid Flow Type
  • factype : Flow Factor Type

Tool Output

  • Β : Small Diameter Over Large Diameter Ratio
  • Θ : Transition Cone Angle
  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Calculation Inside Diameter
  • ID1 : Small Inside Diameter
  • ID2 : Large Inside Diameter
  • IDin : Calculation Inside Diameter (inches)
  • K : K Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
  • Lt : Transition Length

CALCULATOR : Pipe Wye Or Tee Typical Minor Loss Factor [FREE]   ±

Calculate typical gas and liquid pipe fitting friction factor and flow coefficients for converging and diverging wyes and tees.

The flow factors are applicable for liquid flow, and low velocity gas flow. At high gas velocity compressible gas behaviour affects the flowrate. The friction factor K and discharge coefficient can be calculated for both the run and the branch. The run is assumed to be constant diameter. The branch diameter should be smaller than or equal to the run diameter. The flow ratio should be 0 ≤ Qb/Qc ≤ 1. The flow ratio can be either the mass flowrate ratio, the volume flowrate ratio (for liquids), or the mole flowrate ratio (for gases).

Note : In some cases the friction factor K can be negative due to the acceleration of slow moving fluid to the velocity of the combined flow. The discharge coefficient and flow coefficients are invalid for negative friction factor K. The calculated values are typical. Manufacturers data should be used if it is available.

Reference : Crane Technical Paper 410M Metric Version : Flow Of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings And Pipe

Tool Input

  • schdtypea : Run Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtypea : Run Diameter Type
    • ODru : User Defined Run Outside Diameter
    • IDru : User Defined Run Inside Diameter
  • wtntypea : Run Wall Thickness Type
    • tnru : User Defined Run Wall Thickness
  • schdtypeb : Branch Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtypeb : Branch Diameter Type
    • ODbu : User Defined Branch Outside Diameter
    • IDbu : User Defined Branch Inside Diameter
  • wtntypeb : Branch Wall Thickness Type
    • tnbu : User Defined Branch Wall Thickness
  • angtype : Wye Angle Type
    • Θu : User Defined User Defined Angle (0 to 90 Degrees)
  • flowtype : Fluid Flow Type
  • factype : Flow Factor Type
  • Qb/Qc : Branch Flowrate Over Combined Flowrate Ratio

Tool Output

  • Β : Diameter Ratio
  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Calculation Inside Diameter
  • IDb : Branch Inside Diameter
  • IDin : Calculation Inside Diameter (inches)
  • IDr : Run Inside Diameter
  • K : Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
CALCULATOR : Valve Typical Minor Loss Factor [FREE]   ±

Calculate typical gas and liquid valve friction factor and flow coefficients.

The valves are assumed to be fully open. For full port valves the valve port cross section area equals the nominal internal cross section area. For reduced port valves the valve port cross section area is less than the nominal internal cross section area. For circular valve ports the diameter ratio is equal to the valve port diameter over the nominal inside diameter. For non circular valve ports, use the square root of the internal area ratio (the square root of the valve port area over the nominal internal area).

The dimensionless flow coefficient Cv* equals Cv-us / IDin^2, where IDin is the valve inside diameter in inches. For control valves, a maximum Cv* value of 30 is recommended (equivalent to a minimum K factor of 1). The flow factors are applicable for low velocity gas and liquid flow. Choking can occur at high flow velocity, and compressible gas behaviour affects gas flowrate (refer to control valve calculations). The calculated values are typical. Manufacturers data should be used if it is available.

Reference : Crane Technical Paper 410M Metric Version : Flow Of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings And Pipe

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • rfactype : Pipe Roughness Type
    • εu : User Defined Surface Roughness
    • rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
  • vktype : Valve Type (Fully Open Valve)
  • angtype : Transition Angle Type (Gate Ball Butterfly And Disk Check Valves Only)
    • Φu : User Defined Transition Cone Angle
  • factype : Friction Factor Type
    • D1/D2 : User Defined Valve Port Diameter Over Valve Diameter Ratio

Tool Output

  • ε : Pipe Internal Roughness
  • ε/ID : Pipe Relative Rougness
  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Pipe Inside Diameter
  • IDin : Valve Inside Diameter (inches)
  • K : Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
  • fr : Pipe Roughness Factor
CALCULATOR : Liquid Check Valve Typical Minor Loss Factor And Minimum Velocity [FREE]   ±

Calculate typical liquid check valve friction factor, flow coefficients and minimum flowrate.

The minimum flowrate is the flowrate required to keep the check valve fully open. For full port valves the valve port cross section area equals the nominal internal cross section area. For reduced port valves the valve port cross section area is less than the nominal internal cross section area. For circular valve ports the diameter ratio is equal to the valve port diameter over the nominal inside diameter. For non circular valve ports, use the square root of the internal area ratio (the square root of the valve port area over the nominal internal area).

The dimensionless flow coefficient Cv* equals Cv-us / IDin^2, where IDin is the valve inside diameter in inches. The flow factors are applicable for low velocity flow (choking can occur at high flow velocity due to cavitation and flashing). The calculated values are typical. Manufacturers data should be used if it is available.

Reference : Crane Technical Paper 410M Metric Version : Flow Of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings And Pipe

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • rfactype : Pipe Roughness Type
    • εu : User Defined Surface Roughness
    • rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
  • vktype : Valve Type (Fully Open Valve)
  • angtype : Transition Angle Type (Gate Ball Butterfly And Disk Check Valves Only)
    • Φu : User Defined Transition Cone Angle
  • factype : Friction Factor Type
    • D1/D2 : User Defined Valve Port Diameter Over Valve Diameter Ratio
  • ρ : Fluid Density

Tool Output

  • ε : Pipe Internal Roughness
  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Pipe Inside Diameter
  • IDin : Valve Inside Diameter (inches)
  • K : Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
  • Mmin : Minimum Fluid Mass Flow Rate
  • Qmin : Minimum Fluid Volume Flowrate
  • Vmin : Minimum Fluid Velocity
  • fr : Pipe Roughness Factor
  • rr : Pipe Relative Rougness
  • vm : Fluid Specific Volume

CALCULATOR : Gas Check Valve Typical Minor Loss Factor And Minimum Velocity [FREE]   ±

Calculate typical gas check valve friction factor, flow coefficients and minimum flowrate.

The minimum flowrate is the flowrate required to keep the check valve fully open. For full port valves the valve port cross section area equals the nominal internal cross section area. For reduced port valves the valve port cross section area is less than the nominal internal cross section area. For circular valve ports the diameter ratio is equal to the valve port diameter over the nominal inside diameter. For non circular valve ports, use the square root of the internal area ratio (the square root of the valve port area over the nominal internal area).

The dimensionless flow coefficient Cv* equals Cv-us / IDin^2, where IDin is the valve inside diameter in inches. The flow factors are applicable for low velocity gas flow. At high gas velocity compressible gas behaviour affects the flowrate and choking can occur. The calculated values are typical. Manufacturers data should be used if it is available.

Reference : Crane Technical Paper 410M Metric Version : Flow Of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings And Pipe

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • rfactype : Pipe Roughness Type
    • εu : User Defined Surface Roughness
    • rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
  • fluidtype : Gas Type
    • SGu : User Defined Gas Specific Gravity
  • vktype : Valve Type (Fully Open Valve)
  • angtype : Transition Angle Type (Gate Ball Butterfly And Disk Check Valves Only)
    • Φu : User Defined Transition Cone Angle
  • factype : Friction Factor Type
    • D1/D2 : User Defined Valve Port Diameter Over Valve Diameter Ratio
  • P : Gas Pressure
  • T : Gas Temperature
  • Z : Compressibility Factor

Tool Output

  • ε : Pipe Internal Roughness
  • ε/ID : Pipe Relative Rougness
  • ρ : Gas Density
  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Pipe Inside Diameter
  • IDin : Valve Inside Diameter (inches)
  • K : Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
  • Mmin : Minimum Gas Mass Flow Rate
  • Nmin : Minimum Gas Mole Flowrate
  • SG : Gas Specific Gravity
  • Vmin : Minimum Gas Velocity
  • fr : Pipe Roughness Factor
  • mmg : Gas Molar Mass
  • vg : Gas Mole Volume
  • vm : Gas Specific Volume

CALCULATOR : Pipe Entry And Exit Typical Minor Loss Factor [FREE]   ±

Calculate typical entry and exit friction factor and flow coefficients for liquid and gas piping.

For all types of pipe exit the friction factor K = 1. Pipe entry friction factor can be calculated for inward protruding entries, sharp edged flush entries, and radiused flush entries. The calculated values are typical. Manufacturers data should be used if it is available.

Reference : Crane Technical Paper 410M Metric Version : Flow Of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings And Pipe

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • ektype : Entry And Exit Type
    • Ru : User Defined Entrance Radius
    • R/IDu : User Defined Entrance Radius Over Inside Diameter Ratio

Tool Output

  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Pipe Inside Diameter
  • IDin : Valve Inside Diameter (inches)
  • K : Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
  • R : Entry Radius
  • R/ID : Entry Radius Over Pipe Inside Diameter Ratio
CALCULATOR : Pipe Bend Typical Minor Loss Factor [FREE]   ±

Calculate typical gas and liquid bend friction factor and flow coefficients.

Friction factors can be calculated for miter bends (single miter and multiple miter), formed bends, close return bends, and standard elbows. The calculated values are typical. Manufacturers data should be used if it is available.

Reference : Crane Technical Paper 410M Metric Version : Flow Of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings And Pipe

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • rfactype : Pipe Roughness Type
    • εu : User Defined Surface Roughness
    • rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
  • bktype : Bend Type
    • Φ : User Defined Bend Angle
    • n : User Defined Miter Bend Number Of Miters
    • r/d : User Defined Formed Bend Radius Over Diameter Ratio

Tool Output

  • ε : Pipe Internal Roughness
  • ε/ID : Pipe Relative Rougness
  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Pipe Inside Diameter
  • IDin : Valve Inside Diameter (inches)
  • K : Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
  • fr : Pipe Roughness Factor
CALCULATOR : Pipe Fitting Inside Diameter And Cross Section Area [FREE]   ±

Calculate pipe fitting inside diameter and inside cross section area from pipe diameter and wall thickness.

Use the Result Table option to display a table of the inside diameter and cross section area versus either outside diameter or wall thickness.

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness

Tool Output

  • AX : Pipe Inside Cross Section Area
  • ID : Nominal Inside Diameter
  • OD : Nominal Outside Diameter
  • OD/tn : Diameter Over Wall Thickness Ratio
  • tn : Nominal Wall Thickness
CALCULATOR : Pipe Fitting Liquid Flow Rate [FREE]   ±

Calculate pipe fitting liquid velocity and flow rate.

Fluid density can be defined by density, specific gravity, degrees Baume, degrees Twaddell, or degrees API. For liquids lighter than or equal to water the density can be defined as degrees API, or degrees Baume (Be-). For liquids heavier than water the density can be defined by degrees Baume (Be+), or degrees Twaddell.

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • sgtype : Density Type
    • SGu : User Defined Specific Gravity
    • Be+u : User Defined Degrees Baume SG > 1
    • Be-u : User Defined Degrees Baume SG <= 1
    • Twu : User Defined Degrees Twaddell SG > 1
    • APIu : User Defined Degrees API SG <= 1
    • ρu : User Defined Liquid Density
  • voltype : Fluid Flowrate Type
    • Qfu : User Defined Volume Flow Rate
    • Mfu : User Defined Mass Flow Rate
    • Vfu : User Defined Fluid Velocity

Tool Output

  • ρ : Fluid Density
  • API : Degrees API SG ≤ 1
  • Be+ : Degrees Baume SG > 1
  • Be- : Degrees Baume SG ≤ 1
  • ID : Inside Diameter
  • Mf : Liquid Mass Flowrate
  • Qf : Liquid Volume Flowrate
  • SG : Specific Gravity
  • Tw : Degrees Twaddell SG > 1
  • Vf : Fluid Velocity
CALCULATOR : Pipe Fitting Gas Flow Rate [FREE]   ±

Calculate pipe fitting gas velocity and flow rate.

The gas specific gravity is the ratio of gas density over the density of dry air at base temperature and pressure. The compressibility factor is assumed to equal 1 at the base conditions. The gas specific gravity is proportional to the gas molar mass.

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • fluidtype : Gas Type
    • SGu : User Defined Gas Specific Gravity
  • voltype : Gas Flowrate Type
    • Qfu : User Defined Gas Volume Flow Rate
    • Mfu : User Defined Gas Mass Flow Rate
    • Ngu : User Defined Gas Mole Flow Rate
    • Vfu : User Defined Gas Velocity
  • P : Gas Pressure
  • T : Gas Temperature
  • Z : Gas Compressibility Factor

Tool Output

  • ρ : Gas Density
  • ID : Inside Diameter
  • M : Gas Molar Mass
  • Mf : Gas Mass Flowrate
  • Ng : Gas Mole Flowrate
  • Qf : Gas Volume Flowrate (At T P)
  • R : Gas Constant
  • SG : Gas Specific Gravity
  • Vf : Gas Velocity
  • vg : Gas Mole Volume (At T P)
CALCULATOR : Pipe Fitting Equivalent Minor Loss Factor From Diameter Ratio [FREE]   ±

Calculate the equivalent pipe fitting friction factor, discharge coefficient, dimensionless flow coefficient, and flow coefficients Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv from diameter ratio.

For piping systems with one or more pipe diameters, it is sometimes neccessary to calculate the equivalent friction factors, discharge coefficients and dimensionless flow coefficients from the different diameters, normalised to one of the diameters, for example to calculate pressure losses. The equivalent friction factor can be calculated by:

`Kb = Ka.((IDb) / (IDa))^4 `

where :

IDa and IDb are two pipe diameters
Ka is the K factor for IDa
Kb is the equivalent K factor normalised to IDb

The input flow factor can be either Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met, Kv, Cv*, K or Cd. The equivalent flow factors can either be for diameter B converted from diameter A (the input factor is assumed to be for diameter A), or for diameter A converted from diameter B (the input factor is assumed to be for diameter B). The flow factors can be displayed for either diameter A or diameter B (ie either the input flow factors, or the equivalent flow factors can be displayed).

Tool Input

  • schdtypea : Schedule Type A
  • diamtypea : Diameter Type A
    • ODau : User Defined Outside Diameter A
    • IDau : User Defined Inside Diameter A
  • wtntypea : Wall Thickness Type A
    • tnau : User Defined Wall Thickness A
  • schdtypeb : Schedule Type B
  • diamtypeb : Diameter Type B
    • ODbu : User Defined Outside Diameter B
    • IDbu : User Defined Inside Diameter B
  • wtntypeb : Wall Thickness Type B
    • tnbu : User Defined Wall Thickness B
  • factype : Input Factor Type
    • Avu : User Defined SI Flow Coefficient
    • Cv-uku : User Defined UK Flow Coefficient
    • Cv-usu : User Defined US Flow Coefficient
    • Cv-metu : User Defined Metric Flow Coefficient
    • Kvu : User Defined EU Flow Coefficient
    • Ku : User Defined Friction Factor
    • Cdu : User Defined Discharge Coefficient
    • Cvu* : User Defined Dimensionless Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • ddtype : Conversion Type
  • fftype : Display Factor Type

Tool Output

  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Display Inside Diameter Meters
  • IDa : Inside Diameter A
  • IDb : Inside Diameter B
  • IDin : Display Inside Diameter Inches
  • K : Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
CALCULATOR : Pipe Fitting Convert Minor Loss Factor [FREE]   ±

Convert pipe fitting friction factor K, discharge coefficient Cd, dimensionless flow coefficient Cv*, and flow coefficients Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv.

The dimensionless flow coefficient Cv* equals Cv-us / IDin^2, where IDin is the valve inside diameter in inches. For control valves a maximum Cv* value of 30 is recommended, equivalent to a minimum K factor of 1.

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • factype : Input Factor Type
    • Avu : User Defined SI Flow Coefficient
    • Cv-uku : User Defined UK Flow Coefficient
    • Cv-usu : User Defined US Flow Coefficient
    • Cv-metu : User Defined Metric Flow Coefficient
    • Kvu : User Defined EU Flow Coefficient
    • Ku : User Defined Friction Factor
    • Cdu : User Defined Discharge Coefficient
    • Cvu* : User Defined Dimensionless Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)

Tool Output

  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Inside Diameter
  • IDin : Inside Diameter Inches
  • K : Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
CALCULATOR : Pipe Fitting Liquid Minor Loss Factor From Flowrate And Delta Pressure [FREE]   ±

Calculate liquid pipe fitting K factor, discharge coefficient Cd, dimensionless flow coefficient Cv*, and flow coefficients Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us and Kv from flowrate and delta pressure.

The flowrate can be entered as either volume flowrate, or mass flowrate.

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • qptype : Fluid Flow Type
    • Qu : User Defined Volume Flowrate
    • Mu : User Defined Mass Flowrate
  • ΔP : Pressure Difference
  • ρ : Fluid Density

Tool Output

  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Inside Diameter
  • IDin : Inside Diameter Inches
  • K : Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
  • M : Mass Flowrate
  • Q : Volume Flowrate
  • V : Velocity

CALCULATOR : Pipe Fitting Gas Minor Loss Factor From Flowrate And Pressure [FREE]   ±

Calculate gas pipe fitting K factor, discharge coefficient Cd, dimensionless flow coefficient Cv*, and flow coefficients Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us and Kv from flowrate and pressure.

The flowrate can be entered as either mole flowrate, or mass flowrate. The calculation is valid for low gas velocity with assumed constant temperature. At high velocity the flowrate is reduced by compressibility effects. Check that the gas velocity is low.

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • fluidtype : Gas Type
    • SGu : User Defined Gas Specific Gravity
  • qptype : Gas Flowrate Type
    • Mu : User Defined Mass Flow Rate
    • Nu : User Defined Mole Flow Rate
  • Pi : Inlet Pressure
  • Po : Outlet Pressure
  • T : Gas Temperature
  • Z : Compressibility Factor

Tool Output

  • ΔP : Pressure Difference
  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Inside Diameter
  • IDin : Inside Diameter Inches
  • K : Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
  • M : Mass Flowrate
  • N : Gas Mole Flow Rate
  • SG : Gas Specific Gravity
  • V : Velocity
  • mmg : Gas Molar Mass

CALCULATOR : Pipe Fitting Parallel And Series K Factor [FREE]   ±

Calculate pipe fitting total friction factor K for parallel and series flow.

Enter the K factor and inside diameter data as comma separated data pairs (Ki,IDi), with each pair on a new line. The data can also be copied from a spreadsheet, or copied as tab separated pairs. The friction factors can either be converted to the nominal diameter, or used as entered. The total discharge coefficient Cd, total dimensionless flow coefficient Cv*, and total flow coefficients Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us and Kv are also calculated. The K factor, discharge coefficient and dimensionless flow coefficient are calculated for the nominal diameter.

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • dtype : Internal Diameter Type
  • flowtype : Flow Type
  • Kdata : Friction Factor Data
  • IDdata : Flow Diameter Data

Tool Output

  • Av : SI Flow Coefficient
  • Cd : Discharge Coefficient
  • Cv* : Dimensionless US Flow Coefficient (Cv-us / IDin^2)
  • Cv-met : Metric Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-uk : UK Flow Coefficient
  • Cv-us : US Flow Coefficient
  • ID : Pipe Inside Diameter
  • IDin : Inside Diameter Inches
  • K : Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
  • Kv : EU Flow Coefficient
CALCULATOR : Pipe Fitting Relative Roughness And Roughness Factor [FREE]   ±

Calculate pipe fitting internal roughness, relative roughness and roughness factor.

The roughness factor is used to calculate minor losses in valves and fittings. The internal roughness is used to calculate the Darcy friction factor.

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • rfactype : Pipe Roughness Type
    • εu : User Defined Surface Roughness
    • rru : User Defined Relative Roughness

Tool Output

  • ε : Pipe Internal Roughness
  • ε/ID : Pipe Relative Rougness
  • ID : Pipe Inside Diameter
  • fr : Pipe Roughness Factor
CALCULATOR : Pipe Fitting Total K Factor [FREE]   ±

Calculate pipe fitting total friction factor K for series flow.

Enter the K factor and number of items for each fitting type. The diameter is assumed constant. Calculation details are displayed at the bottom of the page.

Tool Input

Tool Output

  • ΣK : Total Friction Factor Or Resistance Factor
CALCULATOR : Liquid Pipe Fitting Equivalent Length And K Factor [FREE]   ±

Calculate single phase liquid pipe fitting pressure loss and minor loss factors through a fitting (valve, tee, reducer, enlarger etc...).

Enter the minor loss factor as either the K factor, the equivalent length, the equivalent diameters, or the flow coefficient (Av, Kv, Cv units). Change flow coefficient units on the setup page. The Darcy friction factor is required to calculate the equivalent length and equivalent diameters. Use either the laminar flow equation, the original Colebrook White equation, or the modified Colebrook White equation from the Moody diagram. The Darcy friction factor can also be user defined.

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • visctype : Viscosity Type
    • μu : User Defined Dynamic Viscosity
    • νu : User Defined Kinematic Viscosity
  • voltype : Fluid Flow Rate Type
    • Qu : User Defined Volume Flow Rate
    • Mu : User Defined Mass Flow Rate
    • Vu : User Defined Fluid Velocity
    • Reu : User Defined Reynolds Number
  • rfactype : Pipe Internal Roughness Type
    • ru : User Defined Surface Roughness
    • rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
  • kfactype : Minor Loss Factor Type
    • ku : User Defined Minor Loss K Factor
    • lu : User Defined Minor Loss Length
    • lodu : User Defined Minor Loss Diameters
    • fvu : User Defined Minor Loss Flow Coefficient
  • fdtype : Darcy Friction Factor Type
    • fdu : User Defined Darcy Friction Factor
  • ρ : Fluid Density

Tool Output

  • μ : Dynamic Viscosity
  • ID : Inside Diameter
  • K : Minor Loss K Factor
  • M : Mass Flowrate
  • Q : Volume Flowrate
  • Re : Reynolds Number
  • V : Fluid Velocity
  • cvg : Convergence Factor (≅ 1)
  • fd : Darcy Friction Factor
  • ff : Fanning Friction Factor
  • fv : Minor Loss Flow Coefficient
  • l : Minor Loss Equivalent Length
  • lod : Minor Loss Diameters
  • rr : Surface Roughness Ratio
  • td : Darcy Transmission Factor
  • tf : Fanning Transmission Factor
CALCULATOR : Gas Pipe Fitting Equivalent Length And K Factor [PLUS]   ±

Calculate single phase gas pipe fitting pressure loss and minor loss factors through a fitting (valve, tee, reducer, enlarger etc...).

The Darcy friction factor is required to calculate the equivalent length and equivalent diameters. Use either the laminar flow equation, the original Colebrook White equation, or the modified Colebrook White equation from the Moody diagram. The Darcy friction factor can also be user defined. Elevation is ignored. Enter the minor loss factor as either the K factor, the equivalent length, the equivalent diameters, or the flow coefficient (Av, Kv, Cv units). Change flow coefficient units on the setup page.

Tool Input

  • schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
  • diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
    • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
    • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
  • wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
    • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
  • fluidtype : Fluid Property Type
    • SGu : User Defined Gas Specific Gravity
    • μu : User Defined Dynamic Viscosity
  • voltype : Fluid Flow Rate Type
    • Qfu : User Defined Gas Volume Flow Rate
    • Mfu : User Defined Gas Mass Flow Rate
    • Ngu : User Defined Gas Mole Flow Rate
    • Vfu : User Defined Gas Velocity
    • Reu : User Defined Reynolds Number
  • rfactype : Pipe Internal Roughness Type
    • ru : User Defined Surface Roughness
    • rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
  • kfactype : Minor Pressure Loss Type
    • ku : User Defined Minor Loss K Factor
    • lu : User Defined Minor Loss Length
    • lodu : User Defined Minor Loss Diameters
    • fvu : User Defined Minor Loss Flow Coefficient
  • fdtype : Darcy Friction Factor Type
    • fdu : User Defined Darcy Friction Factor
  • Pi : Inlet Pressure
  • T : Fluid Temperature
  • Z : Compressibility Factor

Tool Output

  • μ : Dynamic Viscosity
  • ρ : Fluid Density
  • ID : Inside Diameter
  • K : Minor Loss K Factor
  • Mf : Mass Flowrate
  • Ng : Mole Flow Rate
  • Qf : Volume Flowrate
  • Re : Reynolds Number
  • SG : Gas Specific Gravity
  • Vf : Fluid Velocity
  • cvg : Convergence Factor (≅ 1)
  • fd : Darcy Friction Factor
  • ff : Fanning Friction Factor
  • fv : Minor Loss Flow Coefficient
  • l : Minor Loss Equivalent Length
  • lod : Minor Loss Diameters
  • rr : Surface Roughness Ratio
  • td : Darcy Transmission Factor
  • tf : Fanning Transmission Factor
  • vg : Mole Specific Volume
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