Piping Fitting Fluid Property

Calculate pipe fitting liquid velocity and flow rate.

Fluid density can be defined by density, specific gravity, degrees Baume, degrees Twaddell, or degrees API. For liquids lighter than or equal to water the density can be defined as degrees API, or degrees Baume (Be-). For liquids heavier than water the density can be defined by degrees Baume (Be+), or degrees Twaddell.

Tool Input

• schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
• diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
  • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
  • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
• wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
  • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
• sgtype : Density Type
  • SGu : User Defined Specific Gravity
  • Be+u : User Defined Degrees Baume SG > 1
  • Be-u : User Defined Degrees Baume SG <= 1
  • Twu : User Defined Degrees Twaddell SG > 1
  • APIu : User Defined Degrees API SG <= 1
  • ρu : User Defined Liquid Density
• voltype : Fluid Flowrate Type
  • Qfu : User Defined Volume Flow Rate
  • Mfu : User Defined Mass Flow Rate
  • Vfu : User Defined Fluid Velocity

Tool Output

• ρ : Fluid Density
• API : Degrees API SG ≤ 1
• Be+ : Degrees Baume SG > 1
• Be- : Degrees Baume SG ≤ 1
• ID : Inside Diameter
• Mf : Liquid Mass Flowrate
• Qf : Liquid Volume Flowrate
• SG : Specific Gravity
• Tw : Degrees Twaddell SG > 1
• Vf : Fluid Velocity

Calculate pipe fitting gas properties for: methane CH4, ethane C2H6, propane C3H8, iso-butane C4H10, n-butane C4H10, iso-pentane C5H12, n-pentane C5H12, n-hexane C6H14, n-heptane C7H16, n-octane C8H18, n-nonane C9H20, n-decane C10H22, air N2 + O2, ammonia NH3, argon Ar, carbon dioxide CO2, carbon monoxide CO, chlorine Cl2, helium He, hydrogen H2, hydrogen chloride HCl, hydrogen sulphide H2S, nitrogen N2, oxygen O2, steam H2O.

Properties include specific heat constant pressure, specific heat constant volume, specific heat ratio, molar mass, gas constant, gas specific gravity, critical point temperature, critical point pressure, and accentric factor.

Use the Result Table option to display a table of properties versus gas type.

Tool Input

• fluidtype : Fluid Type
  • Cpu : User Defined Specific Heat Constant Pressure
  • Cvu : User Defined Specific Heat Constant Volume
  • γu : User Defined Specific Heat Ratio
  • SGu : User Defined Specific Gravity
  • Pcu : User Defined Critical Point Pressure
  • Tcu : User Defined Critical Point Temperature
  • ωu : User Defined Accentric Factor

Tool Output

• γ : Specific Heat Ratio
• ω : Accentric Factor
• Cp : Fluid Heat Capacity Constant Pressure
• Cv : Fluid Heat Capacity Constant Volume
• Pc : Critical Point Pressure
• R : Gas Constant
• SG : Gas Specific Gravity Relative To Air
• Tc : Critical Point Temperature
• mm : Fluid Molar Mass

Calculate pipe fitting steam table properties from temperature and pressure.

Steam table values can be calculated for water and steam, saturated water, saturated steam, saturated water and steam, metastable water, and metastable steam. The calculations for water and steam are valid between 273.15 K and 1073.15 K (0 to 100 MPa), and between 1073.15 K and 2273.15 K (0 to 50 MPa).

The saturated water and steam calculations are valid between 273.15 K and 647.096 K.

The metastable calculation is valid between 273.15 K and 647.096 K, and for pressure from the saturated vapour line to the 5% equilibium moisture line (user defined). Use the Result Plot option to plot the steam properties versus temperature and pressure.

Note : There is an anomaly in the steam calculation for region 3 between the saturated vapour line, the regions 2/3 boundary, and the critical pressure. Refer to the region 3 anomaly help page for more details (click the utility button on the data bar). IAPWS R7-97 is intended for industrial use, and is a simplified version of IAPWS R6-95 for scientific use. IAPWS R7-97 was developed as an improvement of the IFC-67 model.

Reference : IAPWS R7-97 Industrial Formulation for thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam

Tool Input

• anomtype : Region 2/3 Anomaly Type
• proptype : Steam Phase
  • Pu : User Defined Pressure
  • Tu : User Defined Temperature
  • Xu : User Defined Saturated Steam Quality

Tool Output

• ρ : Density
• Cp : Specific Heat Constant Pressure
• Cp-Cv : Delta Specific Heat (Cp - Cv)
• Cp/Cv : Specific Heat Ratio
• Cv : Specific Heat Constant Volume
• P : Pressure
• T : Temperature
• Vc : Speed Of Sound
• Z : Compressibility Factor
• cvg : Convergence Check
• h : Enthalpy
• s : Entropy
• u : Internal Energy
• vg : Mole Specific Volume
• vm : Specific Volume
• wv : Specific Weight

Calculate pipe fitting gas dynamic and kinematic viscosity for: methane CH4, ethane C2H6, propane C3H8, iso-butane C4H10, n-butane C4H10, iso-pentane C5H12, n-pentane C5H12, n-hexane C6H14, n-heptane C7H16, n-octane C8H18, n-nonane C9H20, n-decane C10H22, air N2 + O2, ammonia NH3, argon Ar, carbon dioxide CO2, carbon monoxide CO, chlorine Cl2, helium He, hydrogen H2, hydrogen chloride HCl, hydrogen sulphide H2S, nitrogen N2, oxygen O2, steam H2O.

Calculate kinematic viscosity from dynamic viscosity, or dynamic viscosity from kinematic viscosity. The kinematic viscosity is equal to the dynamic viscosity divided by the density. Change viscosity units on the setup page. The gas compressibility factor is calculated from the critical point temperature, critical point temperature, and the accentric factor using either the Peng Robinson, Soave, Redlich Kwong or Van Der Waals equations of state (EOS). The viscosity calculation is valid for gas phase only.

Tool Input

• fluidtype : Fluid Type
  • Pcu : User Defined Critical Point Pressure
  • Tcu : User Defined Critical Point Temperature
  • ωu : User Defined Accentric Factor
  • SGu : User Defined Gas Specific Gravity
• eostype : Equation Of State Type
  • Zu : User Defined Gas Compressibility Factor
• visctype : Viscosity Type
  • μu : User Defined Dynamic Viscosity
  • νu : User Defined Kinematic Viscosity
• P : Fluid Pressure
• T : Fluid Temperature

Tool Output

• μ : Fluid Dynamic Viscosity
• ν : Fluid Kinematic Viscosity
• ρ : Fluid Density
• ω : Accentric Factor
• Pc : Critical Point Pressure
• Rg : Specific Gas Constant
• SG : Gas Specific Gravity
• Tc : Critical Point Temperature
• Vm : Molar Volume
• Z : Compressibility Factor
• cvg : Convergence Check
• mmg : Gas Molar Mass

Calculate gas pipe fitting dynamic viscosity kinematic viscosity and flowrate Calculate single phase gas dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity and flowrate for common gases.

Calculate kinematic viscosity from dynamic viscosity, or dynamic viscosity from kinematic viscosity. The kinematic viscosity is equal to the dynamic viscosity divided by the density. Change viscosity units on the setup page. The gas density is calculated from the temperature, pressure and gas constant. Gas flowrate can be defined by gas volume flowrate, gas mass flowrate, gas mole flowrate, gas velocity, or Reynolds number.

Tool Input

• schdtype : Pipe Schedule Type
• diamtype : Pipe Diameter Type
  • ODu : User Defined Outside Diameter
  • IDu : User Defined Inside Diameter
• wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
  • tnu : User Defined Wall Thickness
• fluidtype : Gas Type
  • SGu : User Defined Gas Specific Gravity
• voltype : Gas Flowrate Type
  • Qfu : User Defined Gas Volume Flow Rate
  • Mfu : User Defined Gas Mass Flow Rate
  • Ngu : User Defined Gas Mole Flow Rate
  • Vfu : User Defined Gas Velocity
  • Reu : User Defined Reynolds Number
• visctype : Viscosity Type
  • μu : User Defined Dynamic Viscosity
  • νu : User Defined Kinematic Viscosity
• P : Gas Pressure
• T : Gas Temperature
• Z : Gas Compressibility Factor

Tool Output

• μ : Fluid Dynamic Viscosity
• ν : Fluid Kinematic Viscosity
• ρ : Gas Density
• ID : Inside Diameter
• M : Gas Mass Flowrate
• N : Gas Mole Flowrate
• Q : Gas Volume Flowrate (At T P)
• R : Gas Constant
• Re : Fluid Reynolds Number
• SG : Gas Specific Gravity
• V : Gas Velocity
• mm : Gas Molar Mass
• vg : Gas Molar Volume (At T P)