Piping Wye And Tee Minor Loss Factor

Calculate typical pipe wye and tee minor loss factors (K, Cd, Cv*, Av, Cv-uk, Cv-us, Cv-met and Kv).

The minor loss factors can be calculated for converging and diverging wyes and tees, and for the run and the branch. The run is assumed to be constant diameter. The branch diameter should be smaller than or equal to the run diameter. The flow ratio should be 0 ≤ Qb/Qc ≤ 1. The flow ratio can be either the mass flowrate ratio, the volume flowrate ratio (for liquids), or the mole flowrate ratio (for gases).

Note : In some cases the friction factor K can be negative due to the acceleration of slow moving fluid to the velocity of the combined flow. The discharge coefficient and flow coefficients are invalid for negative friction factor K.

Minor loss factors are calculated for:

• Av (SI) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per second fluid density 1 kilogram per cubic meter which gives a pressure drop of 1 Pa
• Cv-uk (UK) flow coefficient - the flow in UK gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
• Cv-us (US) flow coefficient - the flow in US gallons per minute of water at 60 degrees F which gives a pressure drop of 1 psi
• Cv-met (Metric) flow coefficient - the flow in liters per minute of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
• Kv (EU) flow coefficient - the flow in cubic meters per hour of water at 16 degrees C which gives a pressure drop of 1 bar
• Cv* the dimensionless US flow factor = Cv-us / din^2 (din is the inside diameter in inches)
• K factor - the ratio of pressure loss over the dynamic pressure
• Cd or discharge coefficient - the ratio of the actual flow rate of the fluid through the fitting over the frictionless flow rate.

The calculated values are typical. Manufacturers data should be used if it is available.

Reference : Crane Technical Paper 410M Metric Version : Flow Of Fluids Through Valves, Fittings And Pipe

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