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Compressible Flow Speed Of Sound

Calculate gas and liquid speed of sound and Mach number.

The Mach number is the ratio of the flow velocity to the speed of sound. It applies to either a moving fluid or to a moving object passing through stationary fluid. For a Mach number greater than one, the flow is supersonic. For a Mach number less than one, the flow is subsonic.

For an ideal gas, the speed of sound or sonic velocity can be calculated from the gas temperature, gas specific heat ratio and the gas specific gravity. For liquids the speed of sound can be calculated from the liquid bulk modulus and the liquid density.

Reference : Fluid Mechanics, Frank M White, McGraw Hill

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CALCULATOR : Gas Speed Of Sound And Mach Number From Temperature [FREE]   ±

Calculate the speed of sound and mach number for an ideal gas.

The speed of sound is calculated from the gas temperature, specific heat ratio and gas specific gravity. Either the Mach number can be calculated from a user defined velocity, or the velocity can be calculated from a user defined Mach number.

Tool Input

  • fluidtype : Fluid Type
    • γu : User Defined Specific Heat Ratio
    • SGu : User Defined Gas Specific Gravity
  • zfactype : Compressibility Factor Type
    • Zu : User Defined Compressibility Factor
  • cctype : Speed Of Sound Type
    • Cu : User Defined Sound Velocity
  • machtype : Mach Number Type
    • Vu : User Defined Fluid Velocity
    • Mu : User Defined Mach Number
  • T : Fluid Temperature

Tool Output

  • γ : Specific Heat Ratio
  • C : Speed Of Sound
  • M : Mach Number
  • Rg : Specific Gas Constant
  • SG : Gas Specific Gravity Relative To Air
  • V : Fluid Velocity
  • Z : Gas Compressibility Factor
  • mmg : Gas Molar Mass

CALCULATOR : Liquid Speed Of Sound From Bulk Modulus And Density [FREE]   ±

Calculate the speed of sound in a liquid from bulk modulus and density.

The speed of sound increases with increasing bulk modulus, and decreases with increasing density. Alternatively, the bulk modulus can be calculated from the speed of sound.

Tool Input

  • cctype : Sound Velocity Type
    • Ku : User Defined Bulk Modulus
    • Cu : User Defined Sound Velocity
  • ρ : Fluid Density

Tool Output

  • C : Speed Of Sound
  • K : Bulk Modulus

CALCULATOR : Compressible Flow Gas Density And Compressibility Factor [FREE]   ±

Calculate gas compressibility factor and density from gas temperature and pressure for common gases: argon Ar, n-decane C10H22, ethylene C2H4, ethyl chloride C2H5Cl, ethane C2H6, propene C3H6, propane C3H8, iso-butane C4H10, n-butane C4H10, iso-pentane C5H12, n-pentane C5H12, n-hexane C6H14, n-heptane C7H16, n-octane C8H18, n-nonane C9H20, methyl chloride CH3Cl, methane CH4, chlorine Cl2, carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO2, hydrogen H2, steam H2O, hydrogen sulphide H2S, hydrogen chloride HCl, helium He, krypton Kr, nitrogen N2, air N2+O2, ammonia NH3, oxygen O2, sulphur dioxide SO2, xenon Xe.

The gas compressibility factor is calculated from the critical point temperature, critical point temperature, and the accentric factor using either the Peng Robinson, Soave, Redlich Kwong or Van Der Waals equations of state (EOS). The compressibility factor calculation is valid for gas phase only. Use the Result Plot option to plot compressibility factor versus pressure and temperature, compressibility factor versus pressure and equation of state type, or compressibility factor versus temperature and equation of state type.

Tool Input

  • fluidtype : Fluid Type
    • Pcu : User Defined Critical Point Pressure
    • Tcu : User Defined Critical Point Temperature
    • ωu : User Defined Accentric Factor
    • SGu : User Defined Gas Specific Gravity
  • eostype : Equation Of State Type
    • Zu : User Defined Gas Compressibility Factor
  • P : Fluid Pressure
  • T : Fluid Temperature

Tool Output

  • ρ : Fluid Density
  • ω : Accentric Factor
  • Pc : Critical Point Pressure
  • Rg : Specific Gas Constant
  • SG : Gas Specific Gravity
  • Tc : Critical Point Temperature
  • Vm : Molar Volume
  • Z : Compressibility Factor
  • cvg : Convergence Check
  • mmg : Gas Molar Mass