Calculate API 520 flow rate through a constant diameter pressure relief vent.
The vent entry is assumed to be a pressure vessel or piping at stagnation pressure (valid when the pipe or vessel diameter is much greater than the vent diameter). The calculated vent exit pressure is flowing pressure (stagnation pressure minus dynamic pressure).
Vent pressure losses are calculated from the vent pressure loss factor (fld = fL/D + K). Minor losses should include the vent entry, valves and bends etc. The vent exit should not be included. The discharge coefficient can be used to factor the flow rate, depending on the design requirements.
For rupture disks, the flow resistance factor of the rupture Kr should be included in the minor losses (the resistance factor should be factored for the vent diameter). A discharge coefficient of 0.9 or less should be used for rupture disks. Alternatively, the PRV calculators can be used for rupture disk calculations.
Reference : API 520 Sizing, Selection And Installation Of Pressure Relieving Devices (2014)
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CALCULATOR : API 520 Section 5.12 Gas Pressure Relief Vent [PLUS] ±
Calculate single phase gas flow rate from a pipe or pressure vessel through a constant diameter vent (API 520 section 5.12). The flow is assumed to be isothermal (constant temperature). The pipe or pressure vessel is assumed to be at stagnation conditions (M = 0), which is valid when the pipe or vessel diameter is much greater than the vent diameter. Vent pressure losses are calculated from the vent pressure loss factor (fld = fL/D + K). At high pressure the vent exit flow is critical flow (Critical Mach number Mc = √(1/γ) for isothermal flow). At lower pressures the vent exit flow is sub critical (M < Mc). The vent entry is subsonic at all conditions. Minor losses should include the vent entry, valves and bends etc. The vent exit should not be included (the fluid dynamic pressure is included in the calculation). The Darcy friction factor is calculated using the rough pipe equation for fully turbulent flow. The discharge coefficient can be used to factor the mass flow rate. For API 520 the discharge coefficient Kd = 0.9 for vents with a valve, or Kd = 0.62 for vents with a rupture disk. The calculation ignores phase changes. This calculation should not be used for PRV's. Tool Input- schdtype : Vent Schedule Type
- diamtype : Vent Diameter Type
- ODu : User Defined Vent Outside Diameter
- IDu : User Defined Vent Inside Diameter
- wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
- tnu : User Defined Vent Wall Thickness
- rfactype : Vent Internal Roughness Type
- ru : User Defined Surface Roughness
- rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
- fdtype : Darcy Friction Factor Type
- fdu : User Defined Darcy Friction Factor
- leqtype : Minor Pressure Loss Type
- ku : User Defined Minor Loss K Factor
- lu : User Defined Minor Loss Length
- lodu : User Defined Minor Loss Diameters (L/ID)
- Leu : User Defined Equivalent Length
- fL/Du : User Defined Pressure Loss Factor
- fluidtype : Fluid Type
- γu : User Defined Specific Heat Ratio
- SGu : User Defined Gas Specific Gravity
- dfactype : Discharge Coefficient Type
- Kdu : User Defined Discharge Coefficient
- Po : Vessel Stagnation Pressure
- Pa : Ambient Pressure (At Exit)
- Ta : Fluid Temperature
- Z : Compressibility Factor
- L : Vent Length
Tool Output- γ : Specific Heat Ratio
- ρe : Exit Density
- ρi : Inlet Density
- Ax : Nominal Cross Section Area
- C : Fluid Speed Of Sound
- Fr : Reaction Force At Exit
- ID : Vent Inside Diameter
- Kd : Discharge Coefficient
- Le : Vent Eqivalent Length
- Mce : Critical Exit Mach Number
- Me : Exit Mach Number
- Mi : Inlet Mach Number
- Pce : Critical Exit Pressure
- Pe : Exit Pressure
- Pi : Inlet Pressure
- R : Gas Constant
- SG : Gas Specific Gravity Relative To Air
- cvg : Convergence Factor (≅ 1)
- fL/D : Pressure Loss Factor Including Minor Losses
- fd : Darcy Friction Factor
- mf : Design Mass Flowrate (Including Discharge Coefficient)
- mmg : Gas Molar Mass
- ng : Design Mole Flow Rate (Including Discharge Coefficient)
- rr : Surface Roughness Ratio
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CALCULATOR : API 520 Section 5.12 Steam Pressure Relief Vent [PLUS] ±
Calculate steam flow rate from a pipe or pressure vessel through a constant diameter vent (API 520 section 5.12). The flow is assumed to be isothermal (constant temperature). The pipeline is assumed to be at stagnation conditions (M = 0), which is valid when the pipeline diameter is much greater than the vent diameter. Vent pressure losses are calculated from the vent pressure loss factor (fld = fL/D + K). At high pressure the vent exit flow is critical flow (M = 1 for adiabatic flow and M = √(1/γ) for isothermal flow). At lower pressures the vent exit flow is sub critical (M < 1). The vent entry is subsonic at all conditions. Minor losses should include the vent entry, valves and bends etc. The vent exit should not be included (the fluid dynamic pressure is included in the calculation). The Darcy friction factor is calculated using the rough pipe equation for fully turbulent flow. The discharge coefficient can be used to factor the mass flow rate. For API 520 Cd = 0.9 for vents with a valve, or Cd = 0.62 for vents with a rupture disk. The calculation ignores phase changes. This calculation should not be used for PRV's. Tool Input- schdtype : Vent Schedule Type
- diamtype : Vent Diameter Type
- ODu : User Defined Vent Outside Diameter
- IDu : User Defined Vent Inside Diameter
- wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
- tnu : User Defined Vent Wall Thickness
- rfactype : Vent Internal Roughness Type
- ru : User Defined Surface Roughness
- rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
- fdtype : Darcy Friction Factor Type
- fdu : User Defined Darcy Friction Factor
- leqtype : Minor Pressure Loss Type
- ku : User Defined Minor Loss K Factor
- lu : User Defined Minor Loss Length
- lodu : User Defined Minor Loss Diameters (L/ID)
- Leu : User Defined Equivalent Length
- fL/Du : User Defined Pressure Loss Factor
- fluidtype : Fluid Type
- γu : User Defined Specific Heat Ratio
- SGu : User Defined Gas Specific Gravity
- dfactype : Discharge Coefficient Type
- Kdu : User Defined Discharge Coefficient
- Po : Vessel Stagnation Pressure
- Pa : Ambient Pressure (At Exit)
- Ta : Fluid Temperature
- Z : Compressibility Factor
- L : Vent Length
Tool Output- γ : Specific Heat Ratio
- ρe : Exit Density
- ρi : Inlet Density
- Ax : Nominal Cross Section Area
- C : Fluid Speed Of Sound
- Fr : Reaction Force At Exit
- ID : Vent Inside Diameter
- Kd : Discharge Coefficient
- Le : Vent Eqivalent Length
- Mce : Critical Exit Mach Number
- Me : Exit Mach Number
- Mi : Inlet Mach Number
- Pce : Critical Exit Pressure
- Pe : Exit Pressure
- Pi : Inlet Pressure
- R : Gas Constant
- SG : Gas Specific Gravity Relative To Air
- cvg : Convergence Factor (≅ 1)
- fL/D : Pressure Loss Factor Including Minor Losses
- fd : Darcy Friction Factor
- mf : Design Mass Flowrate (Including Discharge Coefficient)
- mmg : Gas Molar Mass
- ng : Design Mole Flow Rate (Including Discharge Coefficient)
- rr : Surface Roughness Ratio
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CALCULATOR : API 520 Section 5.12 Liquid Pressure Relief Vent [PLUS] ±
Calculate single phase liquid flow rate and pressure drop through a constant diameter vent (API 520 section 5.12). Minor losses should include the vent entry, valves, bends etc, and the vent exit (the fluid dynamic pressure is not included in the calculation). The discharge coefficient Cd = 0.9 for vents with a valve, or Cd = 0.62 for vents with a rupture disk. This calculation should not be used for PRV's. Tool Input- schdtype : Vent Schedule Type
- diamtype : Vent Diameter Type
- ODu : User Defined Vent Outside Diameter
- IDu : User Defined Vent Inside Diameter
- wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
- tnu : User Defined Vent Wall Thickness
- visctype : Viscosity Type
- μu : User Defined Dynamic Viscosity
- νu : User Defined Kinematic Viscosity
- rfactype : Pipe Internal Roughness Type
- ru : User Defined Surface Roughness
- rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
- leqtype : Minor Pressure Loss Type
- ku : User Defined Minor Loss K Factor
- lu : User Defined Minor Loss Length
- lodu : User Defined Minor Loss Diameters LoD
- Leu : User Defined Equivalent Length
- fL/Du : User Defined Pressure Loss Factor
- fdtype : Darcy Friction Factor Type
- fdu : User Defined Darcy Friction Factor
- dfactype : Discharge Coefficient Type
- Kdu : User Defined Discharge Coefficient
- ρ : Fluid Density
- L : Vent Length
- zi : Vent Inlet Elevation
- ze : Vent Outlet Elevation
- Po : Stagnation Pressure Un Vessel Or Piping
- Pa : Ambient Pressure At Exit
Tool Output- μ : Dynamic Viscosity
- Ax : Nominal Cross Section Area
- Fr : Reaction Force At Exit
- ID : Inside Diameter
- Kd : Discharge Coefficient
- Le : Vent Eqivalent Length
- M : Design Mass Flowrate (Including Discharge Coefficient)
- PΔ : Delta Pressure
- Q : Design Volume Flowrate (Including Discharge Coefficient)
- Re : Nominal Reynolds Number
- V : Nominal Velocity
- cvg : Convergence Factor (≅ 1)
- fL/D : Pressure Loss Factor Including Minor Losses
- fd : Darcy Friction Factor
- rr : Surface Roughness Ratio
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CALCULATOR : API 520 Duct Pressure Loss Factor From The Von Karman Rough Pipe Equation [FREE] ±
Calculate duct Darcy friction factor (fd) and pressure loss factor (fL/D) from the Von Karman rough pipe equation for gas, steam or liquid flow. At high Reynolds numbers the flow is fully turbulent and the Darcy friction factor is dependent on the pipe roughness only. Minor losses can be included in the pressure loss factor, either as a K factor, an equivalent added length, or an equivalent added length over diameter ratio. Tool Input- schdtypea : Vent Schedule Type
- diamtypea : Vent Diameter Type
- ODu : User Defined Vent Outside Diameter
- IDu : User Defined Vent Inside Diameter
- wtntype : Vent Wall Thickness Type
- tnu : User Defined Vent Wall Thickness
- rfactype : Vent Internal Roughness Type
- ru : User Defined Surface Roughness
- rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
- fdtype : Darcy Friction Factor Type
- fdu : User Defined Darcy Friction Factor
- leqtype : Minor Pressure Loss Type
- ku : User Defined Minor Loss K Factor
- lu : User Defined Minor Loss Length
- lodu : User Defined Minor Loss Diameters (L/ID)
- fL/Du : User Defined Pressure Loss Factor
- Lv : Vent Length
Tool Output- ID : Vent Inside Diameter
- Le : Vent Eqivalent Length
- fL/D : Pressure Loss Factor Including Minor Losses
- fd : Darcy Friction Factor
- rr : Surface Roughness Ratio
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CALCULATOR : API 520 Gas Pressure Relief Vent (Ideal Gas) [PLUS] ±
Calculate API 520 mass flow rate through a gas vent for adiabatic and isothermal flow using ideal gas compressible flow equations. The pipeline or pressure vessel is assumed to be at stagnation conditions (M = 0), which is valid when the pipeline diameter is much greater than the vent diameter. Vent pressure losses are calculated from the vent pressure loss factor (fld = fL/D + K). At high pressure the vent exit flow is critical flow (Mc = 1 for adiabatic flow and Mc = √(1/γ) for isothermal flow). At lower pressures the vent exit flow is sub critical (M < Mc). The vent entry is sub critical at all conditions. Minor losses can be accounted for by using either the minor loss K factor, or the discharge coefficient Cd. Minor losses should include the vent entry, valves and bends etc. The vent exit should not be included (the fluid dynamic pressure is included in the calculation). The discharge coefficient can also be used as a design factor. API 520 recommends Cd = 0.9 for vents with a valve, or Cd = 0.62 for vents with a burst disk (with no K factor). For isothermal flow the inlet temperature should be set equal to the estimated isothermal temperature (eg ambient temperature). The stagnation temperature is constant for adiabatic flow, and varies with Mach number for isothermal flow. The vent is assumed to be constant diameter. The flow is assumed to be fully turbulent. The Darcy friction factor is calculated using the rough pipe equation. Phase changes are ignored. Use the Result Plot option to plot nozzle, vent inlet and exit pressure versus stagnation pressure, vent inlet and exit mach number versus stagnation pressure, or mass flow rate versus stagnation pressure and flow type. Tool Input- schdtype : Vent Schedule Type
- diamtype : Vent Diameter Type
- ODu : User Defined Vent Outside Diameter
- IDu : User Defined Vent Inside Diameter
- wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
- tnu : User Defined Vent Wall Thickness
- rfactype : Vent Internal Roughness Type
- ru : User Defined Surface Roughness
- rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
- fdtype : Darcy Friction Factor Type
- fdu : User Defined Darcy Friction Factor
- leqtype : Minor Pressure Loss Type
- ku : User Defined Minor Loss K Factor
- lu : User Defined Minor Loss Length
- lodu : User Defined Minor Loss Diameters (L/ID)
- fL/Du : User Defined Pressure Loss Factor
- fluidtype : Fluid Type
- γu : User Defined Specific Heat Ratio
- SGu : User Defined Gas Specific Gravity
- zfactype : Compressibility Factor Type
- Zu : User Defined Compressibility Factor
- cdtype : Discharge Coefficient Type
- Cdu : User Defined Discharge Coefficient
- flowtype : Flow Type
- Tou : User Defined Adiabatic Stagnation Temperature
- Tiu : User Defined Isothermal Vent Temperature
- Po : Stagnation Pressure
- Pa : Ambient Pressure (At Exit)
- L : Vent Length
Tool Output- γ : Specific Heat Ratio
- ρe : Vent Exit Density
- ρi : Vent Inlet Density
- Cd : Discharge Coefficient
- Ce : Vent Exit Speed Of Sound
- Ci : Vent Inlet Speed Of Sound
- Fe : Vent Exit Reaction Force
- Ge : Vent Exit Mass Flux
- Gi : Vent Inlet Mass Flux
- ID : Vent Inside Diameter
- Le : Vent Eqivalent Length
- Mce : Vent Critical Exit Mach Number
- Mci : Vent Critical Inlet Mach Number
- Me : Vent Exit Mach Number
- Mi : Vent Inlet Mach Number
- Pe : Vent Exit Pressure
- Pi : Vent Inlet Pressure
- Rg : Specific Gas Constant
- SG : Gas Specific Gravity Relative To Air
- Te : Vent Exit Temperature
- Ti : Vent Inlet Temperature
- Toe : Vent Exit Stagnation Temperature
- Ve : Vent Exit Velocity
- Vi : Vent Inlet Velocity
- Z : Compressibility Factor
- cvg : Convergence Factor (≅ 1)
- fL/D : Pressure Loss Factor Including Minor Losses
- fL/Da : Added Friction Loss Factor
- fL/De : Effective Friction Loss Factor
- fd : Darcy Friction Factor
- m : Vent Mass Flowrate
- mmg : Gas Molar Mass
- n : Vent Mole Flow Rate
- rr : Surface Roughness Ratio
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CALCULATOR : API 520 Steam Pressure Relief Vent (Ideal Gas) [PLUS] ±
Calculate API 520 mass flow rate through a steam vent for adiabatic and isothermal flow using ideal gas compressible flow equations. The pipeline or pressure vessel is assumed to be at stagnation conditions (M = 0), which is valid when the pipeline diameter is much greater than the vent diameter. Vent pressure losses are calculated from the vent pressure loss factor (fld = fL/D + K). At high pressure the vent exit flow is critical flow (Mc = 1 for adiabatic flow and Mc = √(1/γ) for isothermal flow). At lower pressures the vent exit flow is sub critical (M < Mc). The vent entry is sub critical at all conditions. Use the steam table to calculate a suitable value for the specific heat ratio γ, and the compressibility factor Z. For super heated steam γ = 1.334 can be used as an estimate. Minor losses can be accounted for by using either the minor loss K factor, or the discharge coefficient Cd. Minor losses should include the vent entry, valves and bends etc. The vent exit should not be included (the fluid dynamic pressure is included in the calculation). The discharge coefficient can also be used as a design factor. API 520 recommends Cd = 0.9 for vents with a valve, or Cd = 0.62 for vents with a burst disk (with no K factor). For isothermal flow the inlet temperature should be set equal to the estimated isothermal temperature (eg ambient temperature). The stagnation temperature is constant for adiabatic flow, and varies with Mach number for isothermal flow. The vent is assumed to be constant diameter. The flow is assumed to be fully turbulent. The Darcy friction factor is calculated using the rough pipe equation. The rough pipe equation is less accurate at low flow velocity. Phase changes are ignored. Use the Result Plot option to plot nozzle, vent inlet and exit pressure versus stagnation pressure, vent inlet and exit mach number versus stagnation pressure, or mass flow rate versus stagnation pressure and flow type. Tool Input- schdtype : Vent Schedule Type
- diamtype : Vent Diameter Type
- ODu : User Defined Vent Outside Diameter
- IDu : User Defined Vent Inside Diameter
- wtntype : Wall Thickness Type
- tnu : User Defined Vent Wall Thickness
- rfactype : Vent Internal Roughness Type
- ru : User Defined Surface Roughness
- rru : User Defined Relative Roughness
- fdtype : Darcy Friction Factor Type
- fdu : User Defined Darcy Friction Factor
- leqtype : Minor Pressure Loss Type
- ku : User Defined Minor Loss K Factor
- lu : User Defined Minor Loss Length
- lodu : User Defined Minor Loss Diameters (L/ID)
- fL/Du : User Defined Pressure Loss Factor
- fluidtype : Specific Heat Ratio Type
- γu : User Defined Specific Heat Ratio
- zfactype : Compressibility Factor Type
- Zu : User Defined Compressibility Factor
- cdtype : Discharge Coefficient Type
- Cdu : User Defined Discharge Coefficient
- flowtype : Flow Type
- Tou : User Defined Adiabatic Stagnation Temperature
- Tiu : User Defined Isothermal Vent Temperature
- Po : Stagnation Pressure
- Pa : Ambient Pressure (At Exit)
- L : Vent Length
Tool Output- γ : Specific Heat Ratio
- ρe : Vent Exit Density
- ρi : Vent Inlet Density
- Cd : Discharge Coefficient
- Ce : Vent Exit Speed Of Sound
- Ci : Vent Inlet Speed Of Sound
- Fe : Vent Exit Reaction Force
- Ge : Vent Exit Mass Flux
- Gi : Vent Inlet Mass Flux
- ID : Vent Inside Diameter
- Le : Vent Eqivalent Length
- Mce : Vent Critical Exit Mach Number
- Mci : Vent Critical Inlet Mach Number
- Me : Vent Exit Mach Number
- Mi : Vent Inlet Mach Number
- Pe : Vent Exit Pressure
- Pi : Vent Inlet Pressure
- Rg : Specific Gas Constant
- SG : Gas Specific Gravity Relative To Air
- Te : Vent Exit Temperature
- Ti : Vent Inlet Temperature
- Toe : Vent Exit Stagnation Temperature
- Ve : Vent Exit Velocity
- Vi : Vent Inlet Velocity
- Z : Compressibility Factor
- cvg : Convergence Factor (≅ 1)
- fL/D : Pressure Loss Factor Including Minor Losses
- fL/Da : Added Friction Loss Factor
- fL/De : Effective Friction Loss Factor
- fd : Darcy Friction Factor
- m : Vent Mass Flowrate
- mmg : Gas Molar Mass
- n : Vent Mole Flow Rate
- rr : Surface Roughness Ratio
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CALCULATOR : API 520 Critical Pressure Relief Vent (Ideal Gas) [FREE] ±
Calculate API 520 critical mass flow rate through a vent for adiabatic and isothermal flow using ideal gas compressible flow equations. The pipeline or pressure vessel is assumed to be at stagnation conditions (M = 0), which is valid when the pipeline diameter is much greater than the vent diameter. Vent pressure losses are calculated from the vent pressure loss factor (fld = fL/D + K). The vent exit flow is assumed to be critical flow (Mc = 1 for adiabatic flow and Mc = √(1/γ) for isothermal flow). The vent entry is sub critical. Minor losses can be accounted for by using either the minor loss K factor, or the discharge coefficient Cd. Minor losses should include the vent entry, valves and bends etc. The vent exit should not be included (the fluid dynamic pressure is included in the calculation). The discharge coefficient can also be used as a design factor. API 520 recommends Cd = 0.9 for vents with a valve, or Cd = 0.62 for vents with a burst disk (with no K factor). For isothermal flow the inlet temperature should be set equal to the estimated isothermal temperature (eg ambient temperature). The stagnation temperature is constant for adiabatic flow, and varies with Mach number for isothermal flow. The vent is assumed to be constant diameter. Check that the exit pressure is greater than or equal to the ambient pressure. If the ambient pressure is greater than the critical nozzle pressure, the flow is sub critical (M < Mc). Tool Input- flowtype : Flow Type
- Tou : User Defined Adiabatic Stagnation Temperature
- Tiu : User Defined Isothermal Vent Temperature
- Po : Stagnation Pressure
- γ : Specific Heat Ratio
- SG : Specific Gravity
- Z : Compressibility Factor
- Cd : Discharge Coefficient
- ID : Vent Inside Diameter
- fL/ID : Pressure Loss Factor
Tool Output- Me : Vent Exit Mach Number
- Mi : Vent Inlet Mach Number
- Pe : Vent Exit Pressure
- Pi : Vent Inlet Pressure
- Rg : Specific Gas Constant
- Te : Vent Exit Temperature
- Ti : Vent Inlet Temperature
- m : Vent Mass Flowrate
- n : Vent Mole Flow Rate
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CALCULATOR : API 520 Gas Header Flow Ratios For Critical Flow (Ideal Gas) [FREE] ±
Calculate API 520 gas duct, vent or header critical flow ratios (or Fanno lines) for adiabatic (constant enthalpy) and isothermal (constant temperature) flow using ideal gas compressible flow equations. Critical flow conditions occur when the exit Mach number equals the critical Mach number and the critical exit pressure is greater than or equal to ambient pressure. For adiabatic flow the critical exit Mach number = 1 (eg sonic flow conditions). For isothermal flow the critical exit Mach number = √γ. Use the Result Plot option to plot critical pressure loss factor versus inlet Mach number and either flow type or specific heat ratio; or pressure ratio, temperature ratio, density ratio, speed of sound ratio, and velocity ratio, versus either Mach number or pressure loss factor, and versus either flow type or specific heat ratio (Fanno lines). The plot range is set from the calculated value of either the inlet Mach number, or the pressure loss factor in the main calculation. Change the main calculation values to change the plot range. Tool Input- fluidtype : Fluid Type
- γu : User Defined Specific Heat Ratio
- fldtype : Pressure Loss Factor Type
- Mciu : User Defined Inlet Mach Number
- fL/Du : User Defined Pressure Loss Factor
- flowtype : Fluid Flow Type
Tool Output- γ : Specific Heat Ratio
- ρi/ρ* : Inlet Density Over Critical Exit Density Ratio
- Ci/C* : Inlet Speed Of Sound Over Critical Exit Speed Of Sound Ratio
- M* : Critical Exit Mach Number
- Mi : Inlet Mach Number
- Pi/P* : Inlet Pressure Over Critical Exit Pressure Ratio
- Ti/T* : Inlet Temperature Over Critical Exit Temperature Ratio
- Vi/V* : Inlet Velocity Over Critical Velocity Ratio
- cvg : Convergence Factor (≅ 1)
- fL/D* : Critical Duct Pressure Loss factor
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CALCULATOR : API 520 Steam Header Flow Ratios For Critical Flow (Ideal Gas) [FREE] ±
Calculate API 520 steam duct, vent or header critical flow ratios (or Fanno lines) for adiabatic (constant enthalpy) and isothermal (constant temperature) flow using ideal gas compressible flow equations. Critical flow conditions occur when the exit Mach number equals the critical Mach number and the critical exit pressure is greater than or equal to ambient pressure. For adiabatic flow the critical exit Mach number = 1 (eg sonic flow conditions). For isothermal flow the critical exit Mach number = √γ. Use the Result Plot option to plot critical pressure loss factor versus inlet Mach number and either flow type or specific heat ratio; or pressure ratio, temperature ratio, density ratio, speed of sound ratio, and velocity ratio, versus either Mach number or pressure loss factor, and versus either flow type or specific heat ratio (Fanno lines). The plot range is set from the calculated value of either the inlet Mach number, or the pressure loss factor in the main calculation. Change the main calculation values to change the plot range. Use the steam table to calculate a suitable value for the specific heat ratio γ. For super heated steam γ = 1.334 can be used as an estimate. Tool Input- fluidtype : Specific Heat Ratio Type
- γu : User Defined Specific Heat Ratio
- fldtype : Pressure Loss Factor Type
- Mciu : User Defined Inlet Mach Number
- fL/Du : User Defined Pressure Loss Factor
- flowtype : Fluid Flow Type
Tool Output- γ : Specific Heat Ratio
- ρi/ρ* : Inlet Density Over Critical Exit Density Ratio
- Ci/C* : Inlet Speed Of Sound Over Critical Exit Speed Of Sound Ratio
- M* : Critical Exit Mach Number
- Mi : Inlet Mach Number
- Pi/P* : Inlet Pressure Over Critical Exit Pressure Ratio
- Ti/T* : Inlet Temperature Over Critical Exit Temperature Ratio
- Vi/V* : Inlet Velocity Over Critical Velocity Ratio
- cvg : Convergence Factor (≅ 1)
- fL/D* : Critical Duct Pressure Loss factor
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