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IAPWS R7-97 Steam Turbine Power

Calculate IAPWS R7-97 steam turbine or steam engine power from temperature, pressure and mass flow rate.

The turbine power is calculated from the change of enthalpy between the inlet and outlet conditions. The enthalpy change is negative for a turbine (postive work). Heat losses from the turbine, phase changes, fluid velocity and elevation are ignored. Check the phase of the inlet and outlet fluid.

The maximum work power corresponds to an isentropic process with delta specific entropy = 0 (isentropic efficiency = 100%). Check that the delta specific entropy is ≥ 0. Negative changes in specific entropy are not thermodynamically valid. The turbine efficiency factor E accounts for the mechanical efficiency of the turbine only. It does not include the isentropic efficiency.

Note : There is an anomaly in the steam calculation for region 3 between the saturated vapour line, the region 2/3 boundary, and the critical pressure. Refer to the region 3 anomaly help page for more details (click the utility button on the data bar). IAPWS R7-97 is intended for industrial use, and is a simplified version of IAPWS R6-95 for scientific use. IAPWS R7-97 was developed as an improvement of the IFC-67 model.

Reference : IAPWS R7-97 Industrial Formulation for thermodynamic Properties of Water and Steam

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CALCULATOR : IAPWS R7-97 Saturated Steam [FREE]   ±

Calculate steam saturation pressure and temperature (IAPWS R7-97 section 8).

The saturation point can be calculated from either the saturation temperature, or the saturation pressure. The calculation is valid between 273.15 K, and the critical point, 647.096 K. Use the Result Plot option to plot the steam temperature and pressure and steam properties versus either temperature or pressure.

Note : The speed of sound is not calculated for liquid vapour mixtures.

Tool Input

  • anomtype : Region 2/3 Anomaly Type
  • proptype : Steam Phase
    • Xu : User Defined Saturated Steam Quality
  • sattype : Saturation Pressure Type
    • Psu : User Defined Saturation Pressure
    • Tsu : User Defined Saturation Temperature

Tool Output

  • ρ : Density
  • Cp : Specific Heat Constant Pressure
  • Cp-Cv : Delta Specific Heat (Cp - Cv)
  • Cp/Cv : Specific Heat Ratio
  • Cv : Specific Heat Constant Volume
  • Ps : Saturation Pressure
  • Ts : Saturation Temperature
  • Vc : Speed Of Sound
  • Z : Compressibility Factor
  • cvg : Convergence Check
  • h : Enthalpy
  • s : Entropy
  • u : Internal Energy
  • vg : Mole Specific Volume
  • vm : Specific Volume
  • wv : Specific Weight

CALCULATOR : IAPWS R7-97 Steam Table [FREE]   ±

Calculate steam table from temperature and pressure (IAPWS R7-97 Steam Table).

Steam table values can be calculated for water and steam, saturated water, saturated steam, saturated water and steam, metastable water, and metastable steam. The calculations for water and steam are valid between 273.15 K and 1073.15 K (0 to 100 MPa), and between 1073.15 K and 2273.15 K (0 to 50 MPa).

The saturated water and steam calculations are valid between 273.15 K and 647.096 K.

The metastable calculation is valid between 273.15 K and 647.096 K, and for pressure from the saturated vapour line to the 5% equilibium moisture line (user defined). Use the Result Plot option to plot the steam properties versus temperature and pressure.

Tool Input

  • anomtype : Region 2/3 Anomaly Type
  • proptype : Steam Phase
    • Pu : User Defined Pressure
    • Tu : User Defined Temperature
    • Xu : User Defined Saturated Steam Quality

Tool Output

  • ρ : Density
  • Cp : Specific Heat Constant Pressure
  • Cp-Cv : Delta Specific Heat (Cp - Cv)
  • Cp/Cv : Specific Heat Ratio
  • Cv : Specific Heat Constant Volume
  • P : Pressure
  • T : Temperature
  • Vc : Speed Of Sound
  • Z : Compressibility Factor
  • cvg : Convergence Check
  • h : Enthalpy
  • s : Entropy
  • u : Internal Energy
  • vg : Mole Specific Volume
  • vm : Specific Volume
  • wv : Specific Weight

CALCULATOR : IAPWS R7-97 Steam Turbine Power [PLUS]   ±

Calculate steam turbine or steam engine power from temperature, pressure and mass flow rate (IAPWS R7-97 Steam Table).

The steam phase is assumed to be dry steam at the inlet, and dry or saturated steam at the outlet. Check the phase of the inlet and outlet fluid.

The turbine power is calculated from the change in enthalpy. The enthalpy change is negative for a steam turbine or steam engine. The change in entropy should be positive. For a perfect isentropic process the change in entropy is zero. The isentropic efficiency is the ratio of the actual change in enthalpy, over the isentropic change in enthalpy, ignoring changes in velocity. The efficiency factor is a measure of how efficiently the steam turbine converts the change in enthalpy into output power (the ratio of output power over change in enthalpy). Changes in steam velocity and elevation are ignored. Use the Result Plot option to plot power versus mass flow rate.

Tool Input

  • proptype : Outlet Steam Phase
    • Pou : User Defined Outlet Pressure
    • Tou : User Defined Outlet Temperature
    • Xou : User Defined Outlet Steam Quality
  • modetype : Fluid Property Type
  • efactype : Efficiency Factor Type
    • Du : User Defined Efficiency Factor
  • m : Mass Flow Rate
  • Pi : Inlet Pressure
  • Ti : Inlet Temperature

Tool Output

  • ηs : Isentropic Efficiency
  • ρ : Density
  • Cp : Specific Heat Constant Pressure
  • Cp-Cv : Delta Specific Heat (Cp - Cv)
  • Cp/Cv : Specific Heat Ratio
  • Cv : Specific Heat Constant Volume
  • E : Efficiency Factor
  • Po : Outlet Pressure
  • To : Outlet Temperature
  • Ts : Isentropic Temperature
  • Vc : Speed Of Sound
  • W : Turbine Work Power (Including Efficiency Factor)
  • Xs : Isentropic Steam Quality (Saturated Liquid And Vapour Only)
  • Z : Compressibility Factor
  • cvg : Convergence Check
  • h : Enthalpy
  • hΔ : Delta Enthalpy
  • s : Entropy
  • sΔ : Delta Entropy
  • u : Internal Energy
  • vg : Mole Specific Volume
  • vm : Specific Volume
  • wv : Specific Weight

CALCULATOR : IAPWS R7-97 Steam Isentropic Efficiency [PLUS]   ±

Calculate steam isentropic efficiency from inlet and outlet temperature and pressure (IAPWS R7-97 steam table).

Isentropic efficiency is the ratio of the change in enthalpy of an actual process over the change in enthalpy of an isentropic constant entropy process. The maximum possible isentropic efficiency is 100%. For a steam turbine the output work is ≤ the change in enthalpy. For an isentropic process the change in entropy equals 0. The actual change in entropy must be ≥ 0. For a steam turbine the output work is ≤ the change in enthalpy.

Steam velocity and changes in elevation are ignored. The inlet temperature and pressure are assumed to be greater than the outlet temperature and pressure. The anomaly zone is set to region 2 (region 3 does not converge properly). Use the Result Plot option to plot isentropic properties and isentropic temperature versus outlet pressure.

Tool Input

  • proptype : Outlet Steam Phase
    • Pou : User Defined Outlet Pressure
    • Tou : User Defined Outlet Temperature
    • Xou : User Defined Outlet Steam Quality
  • modetype : Fluid Property Type
  • Pi : Inlet Pressure
  • Ti : Inlet Temperature

Tool Output

  • ηs : Isentropic Efficiency
  • ρ : Density
  • Cp : Specific Heat Constant Pressure
  • Cp-Cv : Delta Specific Heat (Cp - Cv)
  • Cp/Cv : Specific Heat Ratio
  • Cv : Specific Heat Constant Volume
  • Po : Outlet Pressure
  • To : Outlet Temperature
  • Ts : Isentropic Temperature
  • Vc : Speed Of Sound
  • Xs : Isentropic Steam Quality (Saturated Liquid And Vapour Only)
  • Z : Compressibility Factor
  • cvg : Convergence Check
  • h : Enthalpy
  • hΔo : Outlet Delta Enthalpy
  • hΔs : Isentropic Delta Enthalpy
  • s : Entropy
  • sΔo : Outlet Delta Entropy
  • sΔs : Isentropic Delta Entropy
  • u : Internal Energy
  • vg : Mole Specific Volume
  • vm : Specific Volume
  • wv : Specific Weight