Even so, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree bears bad fruit. A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, nor can a bad tree bear good fruit. Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. Matthew 7:17-19
Pipeng Free Online Software : Wave Velocity And Harmonics Physics Games
Home Up Level Site Map My Pipeng Help? Contact
List Detail Email Instructions Bookmark
Pipeng : Physics Wave Motion : Wave Velocity Refraction Harmonics Beats And Interference Physics Homework BETA Game Module

Wave Velocity And Harmonics Physics Games

Description : Physics wave games : sound, light and water waves.

Tools In This Module:

BETA : Waves : Frequency 01 : Frequency Beats : Beta Physics Homework Game
BETA : Waves : Frequency 02 : Doppler Effect : Beta Physics Homework Game
BETA : Waves : Frequency 03 : Rotating Doppler Effect : Beta Physics Homework Game
BETA : Waves : Interference 01 : Wave Two Point Interference - Fringes : Beta Physics Homework Game
BETA : Waves : Interference 02 : Wave Diffraction Grating Interference - Fringes : Beta Physics Homework Game
BETA : Waves : Refraction 01 : Wave Refraction : Beta Physics Homework Game
BETA : Waves : Velocity 01 : Wave Velocity Wavelength Period And Frequency : Beta Physics Homework Game
BETA : Waves : Vibration 01 : Vibrating String Harmonics : Beta Physics Homework Game
BETA : Waves : Vibration 02 : Vibrating Closed Pipe Harmonics : Beta Physics Homework Game
BETA : Waves : Vibration 03 : Vibrating Open Pipe Harmonics : Beta Physics Homework Game


Link

Module List

BETA : Waves : Frequency 01 : Frequency Beats : Beta Physics Homework Game

Description : Sound wave interference - frequency beats.

Discussion : Two sound waves of nearly the same frequency will interfere to form a beat. The beat frequency is the absolute value of the difference in frequency. For a given frequency f, there are two frequencies which will result in the same beat frequency.

f1 = f - fb
and
f2 = f + fb
beat frequency
fb = abs(f- f1) = abs(f - f2)

where

f = primary frequency
f1 = lower frequency
f2 = upper frequency
fb = beat frequency

Back To Top

BETA : Waves : Frequency 02 : Doppler Effect : Beta Physics Homework Game

Description : Wave Doppler frequency shift effect.

Discussion : To an observer, the apparent frequency of a moving wave source changes as the source approaches and departs.

fa = f * vm / (vm - vs)
and
fd = f * vm / (vm + vs)
rearranging
vs = vm * (1 - f / fa)
vs = vm * (f / fd - 1)
vm = vs / (1 - f / fa)
vm = vs / (f / fd - 1)

where

f = actual frequency
fa = approach frequency
fd = departure frequency
vm = wave speed in the medium
vs = relative velocity of wave source and observer

The same effect is produced where the sound source is stationary and the observer is moving.

Back To Top

BETA : Waves : Frequency 03 : Rotating Doppler Effect : Beta Physics Homework Game

Description : Rotating Doppler frequency shift effect.

Discussion : To an observer, the apparent frequency of a rotating wave source changes as the source rotates. The maximum relative velocity is

vs = w * r
rearranging
r = vs / w
w = vs / r

The apparent frequencies to a stationary observer, as the sound source approaches and departs are

fa = f * vm / (vm - vs)
and
fd = f * vm / (vm + vs)
rearranging
vs = vm * (1 - f / fa)
vs = vm * (f / fd - 1)
vm = vs / (1 - f / fa)
vm = vs / (f / fd - 1)

where

f = actual frequency
fa = approach frequency
fd = departure frequency
vm = wave speed in the medium
vs = tangential velocity of wave source
w = rotational velocity
r = rotational radius

The same effect is produced where the sound source is stationary and the observer is rotating.

Back To Top

BETA : Waves : Interference 01 : Wave Two Point Interference - Fringes : Beta Physics Homework Game

Description : Wave interference through a double slit.

Discussion : Wave interference can occur with sound waves, light waves and ocean waves. Interference causes quiet and loud zones with sound waves, and calm and rough areas with ocean waves. For light waves, projecting a monochromatic light source (ie light with the same frequency or wavelength) through a double slit onto a screen produces banding or fringes. See Figure Wave Two Point Interference. Normally, to produce measurable fringes the distance between the slits and the screen will be much larger than the distance between the bands or fringes. The distance between fringes can then be calculated by an approximate formula.

x = lamda * L / d
rearranging
d = lamda * L / x
L = x * d / lamda
lamda = x * d / L
other equations
T = 1 / f
f = 1 / T
lamda = v * T
T = lamda / v
v = lamda / v

where

x = distance between bands or firnges
d = distance between slit centerlines
L = distance between slits and the screen
v = wave velocity amplitude
T = wave period
f = wave frequency
lamda = wavelength

The fringes are approximately equally spaced.

Back To Top

BETA : Waves : Interference 02 : Wave Diffraction Grating Interference - Fringes : Beta Physics Homework Game

Description : Wave interference through a diffraction grating.

Discussion : Projecting a monochromatic light source (ie light with the same frequency or wavelength) through a diffraction grating onto a screen produces banding or fringes. See Figure Wave Diffraction Grating Interference . The fringe offsets can then be calculated by the formula.

x = lamda * L * n / d
rearranging
d = lamda * L * n / x
L = x * d / (lamda * n)
lamda = x * d / (L * n)
n = x * d / (L * lamda)
other equations
N = 1 / d
d = 1 / N
θ = asind(x / L)
L = x / sind(θ)
x = L * sind(θ)

where

x = fringe offset from centreline
d = distance between gratings
L = distance between grating and the fringe
n = fringe number from centerline (centerline fringe is zero)
lamda = wave length
N = diffraction grating number
θ is angle from centerline to fringe

The fringes are not equally spaced, so it is neccessary to calculate the offset of each fringe from the centerline for n = 1, 2, 3...... The fringes are counted from the centreline. The fringe at the centreline is fringe number zero. The angles are in degrees. You are recommended to use the trigonometry degree functions sind(), and asind().

Back To Top

BETA : Waves : Refraction 01 : Wave Refraction : Beta Physics Homework Game

Description : Wave refraction.

Discussion : Waves passing at and angle between two different mediums having different wave speeds are refracted or bent. For light waves the refaction is related to the refractive index of the materials. The same effect is also produced in sound waves and water waves. The critical incident angle applies to the case where the refractive index of the refacting medium is less than the refractive index of the incident medium (eg water to air). The critical incident angle occurs when the refracted wave is parallel to the surface. If the incident angle is greater than the critical angle no waves are transmitted across the boundary. See Figure Wave Refraction .

The game has 3 sets of questions with 4 questions per set.

lamdar, vr, thetar, thetac
vi, ni, lamdai, thetac
ni, vi, lamdai, thetai

The basic equations are :

lamdar = lamdai ni / nr
vr = vi ni / nr
thetar = asind(ni / nr sind(thetai))
thetac = asind(nr / ni)

rearranging

vi = vr sind(thetai) / sind(thetar)
ni = nr Vr / vi
lamdai = lamdar vi / vr
ni = nr / sind(thetac)
thetai = asind(sind(thetar) vi / vr)

where

lamdai lamdar = incident and refracted wave length (λi λr)
ni nr = incident and refracted refractive index
vi vr = incident and refracted wave velocity
thetai thetar = incident and refracted wave angle (θi θr)
thetac = critical incident wave angle (θc)

Back To Top

BETA : Waves : Velocity 01 : Wave Velocity Wavelength Period And Frequency : Beta Physics Homework Game

Description : Wave velocity amplitude from wave length and period.

Discussion : Common types of waves include sound waves, light waves, ocean waves and vibration. Wave velocity is related to the wavelength and period by.

v = lamda / T
rearranging
T = lamda / v
lamda = v * T
other equations
T = 1 / f
f = 1 / T

where

v = wave velocity amplitude
lamda = wave length (λ)
T = wave period
f = wave frequency

See Figure Wave Profile.

Back To Top

BETA : Waves : Vibration 01 : Vibrating String Harmonics : Beta Physics Homework Game

Description : String vibration harmonics.

Discussion : A string will vibrate naturally at its harmonic frequencies. The harmonics form a standing wave. The fundamental or first harmonic is a half wave with the nodes at each end of the string. The wavelength is 2 times the length of the string. See Figure String Vibration Harmonics The wavelength for each harmonic can be calculated by

lamda = 2 * L / n
rearranging
n = 2 * L / lamda
L = n * lamda / 2

The natural frequency can be calculated by.

f = v / lamda
rearranging
lamda = v / f
v = f * lamda

where

lamda = wavelength
L = length of string
v = wave velocity amplitude
n = wave harmonic number
f = wave frequency

Musical instruments such as the piano, guitar and cello use the harmonic properties of strings to create musical sound.

Back To Top

BETA : Waves : Vibration 02 : Vibrating Closed Pipe Harmonics : Beta Physics Homework Game

Description : Closed Pipe vibration harmonics.

Discussion : A closed pipe will vibrate naturally at its harmonic frequencies. The harmonics form a standing wave. The fundamental or first harmonic is a quarter wave with the node at the closed end and anti-node at the open end of the pipe. The wavelength is 4 times the length of the pipe. See Figure Closed Pipe Vibration Harmonics The wavelength for each harmonic can be calculated by

lamda = 4 * L / n
rearranging
n = 4 * L / lamda
L = n * lamda / 4

The natural frequency can be calculated by.

f = v / lamda
rearranging
lamda = v / f
v = f * lamda

where

lamda = wavelength
L = length of pipe
v = wave velocity amplitude
n = wave harmonic number
f = wave frequency

Musical instruments such as the pipe organ use the harmonic properties of closed pipes to create musical sound.

Back To Top

BETA : Waves : Vibration 03 : Vibrating Open Pipe Harmonics : Beta Physics Homework Game

Description : Open Pipe vibration harmonics.

Discussion : An open pipe will vibrate naturally at its harmonic frequencies. The harmonics form a standing wave. The fundamental or first harmonic is a half wave with the anti-nodes at each end of the pipe. The wavelength is 2 times the length of the pipe. See Figure Open Pipe Vibration Harmonics The wavelength for each harmonic can be calculated by

lamda = 2 * L / n
rearranging
n = 2 * L / lamda
L = n * lamda / 2

The natural frequency can be calculated by.

f = v / lamda
rearranging
lamda = v / f
v = f * lamda

where

lamda = wavelength
L = length of pipe
v = wave velocity amplitude
n = wave harmonic number
f = wave frequency

Musical instruments such as the didgeridoo use the harmonic properties of open pipes to create musical sound.

Back To Top

10 rows selected

Back To Top

Copyright © Pipeng Ltd 2010 : EULA
List Detail Email Instructions Bookmark
Home Up Level Site Map My Pipeng Help? Contact
pipeng.com (3,949 μs : 26 ms : 1.267 MB)